Zvinonzwika paradoxical, asi iyo Marx yenguva yedu inyanzvi yezvehupfumi. Ndiri kureva murume wechiFrench Thomas Piketty. Neimwe nzira, chokwadi chekuti shasha yecommunism nyowani ingori iyo, nyanzvi yezvehupfumi, inoita senge fungidziro yekuti capitalism yasvika pakugara, ichivanza zvese. Asi zvazvisingade kureva ndezvekuti Piketty anotsigira kutekeshera kwazvino kwevatengi. Nemhaka yokuti kusazvibata kwounonzi rusununguko hakusati kuchifanira kubatanidzwa nguva dzose pakunamba kwoucapitalism.
Ichokwadi Chishuvo chehupfumi chine hutano chinogona kunzwisiswa sewedzero, chivakwa chemagariro emagariro uye kurudziro yekuvandudza chero chiitiko (kunyangwe sechinhu chinosiyanisa kune avo vanozopedzisira vachichiwana, kana uchida). Chisingagone kunzwisiswa ndechekuti, senge mahorizons ese, zvinokurudzirwa kuti chishuvo chinofanirwa kuve nenzira yekukurumidzira pasina chero mamiriro.
Nokuti ndipo panotangira kusaenzana uye ndipo panotanga hunyengeri hunoitwa nevane simba zvisina kunanga, uye pasina kushanda nesimba kana kukakavara, vazhinji vangave vakapfuma vanopedzisira vakwikwidza mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kuenzana nekuda kwechokwadi chekusasvika, chaizvo, vasina kumbopfuma. .
Ndosaka zvichitonhorera kuverenga Piketty uye kumuita kuti avepo semukuru wezvehupfumi kuti anzwisise kuti haasi munhu wese ari mumubatanidzwa wake anorota zvekuve chipangamazano kuna Lehman Brothers kana homwe yegora pabasa. Kuve nyanzvi yezvehupfumi zvinogona zvakare kureva kutsvaga dzimwe nzira dzehupfumi hutsva hwakasunungurwa kubva chete semantics yayo yekunyanyisa kunyanyisa.
Mabhuku matatu Epamusoro Anokurudzirwa naThomas Piketty
Iyo Economics yeKusaenzana
Ichokwadi kuti Piketty haasi kutsvaga Mubairo weNobel werunyararo kana mavibes akanaka, zvirinani. Zvinetso zvake zvenjere zvinoenda kukuenzanisa kwehupfumi nenzira inenge yesainzi. Izvo pasina mubvunzo zvese zvinonongedza kune inoenderera uye yakanaka yakanaka, hongu zvakare. Kutaura zvazviri, kuziva kusaenzana sechikamu chechiyero chemazuva ano chepasi chatova chinangwa chakazaruka chekuisa patafura hutsinye uye kunyange hutsinye hwevane simba uye simba duku iro hutongi hwemagariro evanhu huripo pabhodhi remutambo.
Wedzero mukusaenzana kunoparirwa neanodisa uye asingadzoreki capitalism ndiwo musoro mukuru webhuku rino. Sei boka revagari venhaka vakapfuma richifanira kuwana mari inorambidzwa kune avo vane basa ravo chete netarenda?
Achishandisa dura renhoroondo uye rinogara rakagadziridzwa, uye achizvibvisa pazvinzvimbo zvechinyakare kurudyi nekuruboshwe, Piketty anoratidza kuti kusaenzana kwakawedzera mukati memakumi matatu emakore apfuura nekuda kwekuchinja kwakasiyana kwemitero kwakaderedza mitoro yemitero kumatunhu akapfuma munharaunda. .
Inoongorora mikaha mukugovewa kwezvakasara pakati pemacapitalist nevashandi, misiyano yenhoroondo uye pakati penyika, hunhu hwekusaenzana kwakadzama munyika yebasa nemhedzisiro yenzira dzakasiyana dzekugovera patsva. Mharidzo yepakati ndeyokuti, kunze kwemitemo isinganzwisisiki yehutano hwemagariro evanhu, zvakakosha kugovera zvakare zviri nani nokuti kusaenzana ndicho chipingamupinyi mukusimudzira nyika nemagariro.
Nokuda kweizvi, hazvina kukwana kutarisa kuti ndiani anobhadhara, kana kuti ine mwero kana chido chekugovera mutemo wekugovera muhuwandu hwayo: zvakakoshawo kufunga nezvemigumisiro yaro pahurongwa hwehupfumi hwose, uye kukurukura zvakanakira nekuipira kwechiyero chimwe nechimwe.
Nokudaro, Piketty anoongorora kushanda kwemari yemagariro ehutano uye dzidzo, zvipo zvevashandirwi uye mitero yemagariro evanhu, zvirongwa zvekurega basa, kuiswa kwemari shoma, basa remasangano, kusiyana kwemubairo pakati pemaneja nevashandi vasina unyanzvi, kuwana chikwereti uye Keynesian inoda kukurumidza. Uye inofambira mberi nemazano matsva kuti unzwisise kuti kusaenzana kunogadzirwa sei uye kusarudza maturusi akanakisa ekugovanisa hupfumi.
Capital uye ideology
Ideology pachinzvimbo chepfungwa, ndiwo mubvunzo pasina kupokana. Nekuti zvakasiyana kwazvo kupa uye nekuwedzera mazano ekugadzira mazano ese kune akajairwa, ane tsika, anofarira fungidziro. Mafungiro anhasi anotosvota nekuti kare akakundwa nezvido pasi peasingafungidzirwe. Asi zvakare ndezvechokwadi kuti kune zvakawanda zvechirevo ichocho: "hapana chitsva pasi pezuva." Uye ndezvekuti mafomu anoshanduka asi kwete magumo. Uye Piketty anoita mubhuku iri semwana achiwana Emperor akashama kusvika pakuvhiringidzika kwevose, akabatwa nekunyengera.
Thomas Piketty akakwanisa kuwana mari uye nhoroondo zvinyorwa izvo hurumende dzakasiyana dzakaramba kupa kusvika zvino. Zvichienderana nekudzidza kwe data iyi isina kudhindwa, munyori anoronga nhoroondo yehupfumi, yemagariro, yehungwaru uye yezvematongerwo enyika yekusaenzana, kubva kumapoka eboka nevaranda kuenda kumagariro emazuva ano postcolonial uye hyper-capitalist, achipfuura nepakati pekoloniyalist, communist uye nzanga dzegutsaruzhinji.
Rarama kwenguva refu socialism !: Makoronike 2016-2020
Pane chirevo chinozivisa kuti ani zvake akanga asiri mukomonisiti muhuduku haana mwoyo uye ani naani anoramba ari mukomunisiti mukukura haana uropi... Zvino kunewo mabeacon makuru ekodzero yokuramba zvikuru iyo inonongedzera kukubva kwavo padzidziso yesoshalisti. yehudiki hwavo sehurongwa hwekununura hwesekete. Asi humbowo ndehwekuti zvimwe zvacho hazvisi kutifambira zvakanaka. Chaizvoizvo, nekuti parizvino yakarongwa capitalism inokurudzira kuti isu tirarame nezvisina muganho zviwanikwa mukukura nguva dzose. Uye hapana zviwanikwa zvisingaperi kana isu hatigone kukura pamusoro pegomba rakadzika-dzika ...
"Dai vakandiudza muna 1990 kuti muna 2020 ndaizoburitsa muunganidzwa wezvinyorwa zvine musoro. Rarama socialism! Ndingadai ndakafunga kuti ijoke rakaipa. Ini ndiri wechizvarwa chakanga chisina nguva yekunyengerwa necommunism uye chakasvika pazera rekuona kutadza zvachose kweSovietism, "anodaro Thomas Piketty munhanganyaya isina kudhindwa iyi yekuunganidza makoramu ake epamwedzi anoburitswa mu. Le Monde kubva munaGunyana 2016 kusvika Chikunguru 2020.
Mumakore makumi mapfumbamwe akanga akasununguka kupfuura socialist, asi makore makumi matatu gare gare anotenda kuti hypercapitalism yaenda kure uye kuti tinofanira kufunga nezvekukunda capitalism, nenzira itsva yesocialism, inobatanidzwa uye yakagadziriswa, yehurumende uye yedemokrasi, yezvakatipoteredza uye yevakadzi. .
Aya makoramu, akazara nemifananidzo, matafura uye zvimwe zvinyorwa nemunyori, uye izvo zvinoumba mubatanidzwa wekufunga kwemumwe wevanonyanya kukosha vezvehupfumi panguva yedu, anoratidza nezve shanduko yechokwadi, "participatory socialism", ichaitika chete kana vagari vanowanazve zvishandiso zvinovatendera kuronga hupenyu hwavo hwese. Pamusoro pezvo, ivo vanomiririra ongororo yakazara yezvese makuru ehupfumi, ezvematongerwo enyika uye ezvemagariro nyaya dzenguva pfupi yapfuura, kubva mukushanda kweEU, Brexit, kuwedzera kwekusaenzana, simba reChina uye matemo matsva esimba renyika. dambudziko razvino rehutano nehupfumi rakakonzerwa nedenda re coronavirus.
