Kana isu tichangobva kutaura nezvemunyori wechiRussia mavambo Ayn Rand, nhasi tinotaurirana nezvebasa remumwe munyori wekufananidzira akafanana neakabva kuSoviet, Belarusian Svetlana A., itsva mubayiro we nobel wemabhuku muna 2015.
Uye ini ndinomuunza kunzvimbo ino ndichimubatanidza neRand nekuti ivo vaviri vanonyora mabasa akafanana maererano nekutenderera kwavo kupfuura nhoroondo. Randi akapa chiratidzo chake chefilosofi uye Svetlana anotipa maonero ehukama mune ake mazwi.
Muzviitiko zvese izvi mubvunzo ndewokusvika pahunhu sechinhu chekusimudzira mapfundo ekufunga kana marongero semanyoro echokwadi kubva kuhuchokwadi, kana zvisiri zvechokwadi, tsvaga kurwisa kwekuziva.
Svetlana Alexievich akaita bhuku rake chiratidziro chakakomba chezvemagariro evanhu umo rondedzero yacho zvakare ine nzvimbo, kana zvisiri zvinhu zvese zvakaongororwa nehunyanzvi hwevanyori hazvipedzisi kuve vanokodzera mune yavo neiyo essayistic inokwenenzvera mukufungisisa kwemuverengi.
Zvisinei, Alexievich chirevo chakakosha kupedzisa muongororwo wepanorama yenyika dzakaumba Soviet Union., nezvemavambo aro muzana remakore rechi20 iro rakatotora nguva yakareba mumativi iwayo uye rakaguma raumba fungidziro yakafanana mukusiyana-siyana kwavanhu vatsva vakawanda zvikuru vari kusimukira.
Wepamusoro matatu akakurudzira mabhuku naSvetlana Alexievich
Manzwi anobva kuChernobyl
Akatumirwa pazasi aive nemakore gumi musi waApril 10, 26. Zuva rakaipisisa iro nyika yaive yakatarisa kunjodzi yenyukireya yakanyanya. Uye chinhu chinonakidza ndechekuti yanga isati iri bhomba yakatyisidzira kupedza nyika muCold War iyo yakaramba ichityisidzira mushure meHondo Yenyika II.
Kubva musi iwoyo Chernobyl yakabatana neduramazwi reanotadza Uye kunyangwe nanhasi, kuswedera padhuze nemishumo kana mavhidhiyo anotenderera paInternet nezve nzvimbo huru yekusiyiwa inotyisa. Ndezve Makiromita makumi matatu enzvimbo yakafa. Kunyangwe iko kutsunga kwe "vakafa" kwaisagona kuve kunoshamisa. Hupenyu husina kugadzikana hwave kutora nzvimbo dzaimbogara nevanhu. Mumakore anopfuura makumi matatu kubva pakaitika njodzi iyi, zvinomera zvakakunda kongiri uye mhuka dzesango dzinozivikanwa munzvimbo yakachengeteka kwazvo yati yambozivikanwa.
Ehe saizvozvo kusvibiswa nemwaranzi ichiri kunyarara hakugone kuve kwakachengeteka kwehupenyu, asi kusaziva kwemhuka kune mukana pano kana ichienzaniswa nemukana mukuru wekufa. Chinhu chakanyanya kuipa pamazuva iwayo pashure penjodzi yacho pasina mubvunzo kwaiva kuita zvemidzimu. Soviet Ukraine haina kumbopa maonero akazara nezvenjodzi iyi. Uye pakati pehuwandu hwaigara munzvimbo iyi, manzwiro ekusiiwa akapararira, izvo zvinonyatso kuratidzwa mune yazvino HBO nhevedzano nezve chiitiko. Tichifunga nezvekubudirira kukuru kwenhevedzano idzi, hazvimborwadzi kuwanazve bhuku rakanaka rinotsigira iyi ongororo yenjodzi yakadaro yenyika yose. Uye bhuku iri nderimwe rezviitiko izvo chokwadi chiri makore akareruka kure nengano. Nekuti nyaya dzeavo vakabvunzurudzwa, zvipupuriro zvemazuva mashoma zvinoratidzika zvakamiswa mu limbo ye surrealism iyo dzimwe nguva inovhara hupenyu hwedu, inoumba iyo yese yemashiripiti.
Zvakaitika muChernobyl ndizvo zvinotaurwa nemanzwi aya. Chiitiko ichi chaikonzerwa nechikonzero chero chipi zvacho, asi chokwadi ndechekuunganidzwa kwemhedzisiro yakataurwa nevanhu vari mubhuku iri, uye nevamwe vazhinji vasingachakwanise kuve nezwi. Naivety iyo zviitiko zvakatarisana nazvo nevamwe vagari vaive nechivimbo mushanduro dzepamutemo zvinovhiringidza. Kuwanikwa kwechokwadi kunofadza uye kunotyisa mhedzisiro iyo ino yepasi penzvimbo yakakomberedzwa yaive nayo yakaputika kushandura kumeso kwenzvimbo iyi kwemakumi emakore anotevera. Bhuku umo matinoona magumo enjodzi evamwe vagari vakanyengerwa nekuratidzwa kuchirwere nekufa.
Kuguma kwaHomo Soviéticus
Communism kana chirevo chikuru chevanhu. Iyo projekiti yakanangana nekubatana kwekirasi uye kurongeka kwerunyararo yakazove njodzi chaiyo.
Dambudziko raive mukutenda kuti munhu anga achikwanisa kupfeka izvo zvakanakira communism zvakaziviswa senzvimbo yekurapa. Nekuti chinhu chinoparadza chesimba mune mashoma maoko uye zvachose chakashayikwa. Mukupedzisira zvaive pamusoro, sezvatinogona kuwana mubhuku rino, komiyunizimu yerabhoritari, kupatsanurwa kwakagadzirwa uko Aleksievich anobvisa kubva mukunyora kwekubvunzurudzwa nevagari veiyo inotyisa yakaita system.
Mukati mezvakaitika zvakapfuura, hapana mubvunzo, asi mazana euchapupu hwehupenyu achiri kubva panguva inotyisa. Kumwe kuyedza kupomhodza nyaya, senge Gorbachev's perestroika, yakakundikana kudzikamisa maitiro ehurongwa nehuipi hwekupedzisira hwehutongi hwehutongi husingawirirane nebudiriro. Kuguma kweiyo Homo Soviéticus kwaive kushanduka kwekushanduka kwakamuka kubva muinertia yepasi kukomberedza kuhurongwa hwekuparadzwa.
Hondo haina kumeso kwemukadzi
Pamwe chinhu chega umo chiCommunism chaitevedzera kuenzana kwaive muchimiro chayo chakaipisisa, sehondo. Nekuti mubhuku rino tinowana mareferensi evakadzi vari munzvimbo dzakatarisana nevarume vakagara muRed Army.
Uye pamwe vese avo, varume nevakadzi, vaive avo vaive nechikonzero chidiki chekuenda kuhondo. Nekuti mushure mekuti Hitler aenda, Stalin aive kumashure. Vavengi vevanhu pane ese mativi. Tariro shoma kana isina tariro yemhedzisiro mune chiitiko chekukunda. Uye ivo vakadzi vanoita mabasa avo erima ehondo vanogona kunge vasati vaziva kunetseka kwakanyanya kwenyaya yavo.
Nekuti iyo sisitimu yaizotengesa zvakare pfungwa yekudzivirira nyika yekumusha, yaizokwidziridza hunhu hweSoviet hwekuenzana uye kudzivirira kwakakodzera kwechimiro chakawanikwa. Kune maSoviet, Hondo Yenyika II yaive nhandare yehondo isinganzwisisike ine vavengi chaivo uye zvipoko zvakashata zvakadzima tariro yese.
Chimiro cheapocalyptic chakazara nemhirizhonga yemarudzi ese, kushaya tariro uye kutya. Uchapupu hutsva hwakadzoserwa nemunyori kusimbisa, kubva pakuputika kwekutanga kwechikadzi chiratidzo, njodzi yenjodzi, yakaipisisa yehondo yakapararira munzvimbo yakakura yehondo inonzi USSR. Uye pasinei nezvose, Alexievich anobvisa izvo zvakakosha vanhu kubva muhuwandu hwezvinyorwa uye anomutsa kunzwa kweatavistic kuti mweya mikuru inooneka pakati pemarudzi ose ekusuwa uye hutsinye.
