Mabhuku matatu akanakisa naSusan Sontag

Susan Sontag aive munyori wekuAmerica ane mukurumbira wemavambo echiJudha, boka rakasarudzwa asi rakakura revatauri vane midzi yechiHebheru yaakachengetedza kubva panguva yake. Firipi Roth vakakwira Paul auster, kuburikidza nemamwe ma greats mazhinji ezvinyorwa zvakagadzirwa muUSA.

Kuedza kugadzirisa Susan Sontag mune genre chiitiko chakazvipira, nekuti murusununguko irworwo rwekugadzira urwo rwunoratidzwa nemunyori, tinogona kuwana misiyano yenharo uye zviwanikwa zvinonongedza kuita kwake semunyori ane chinokurudzira kupfuura zvakagadzirirwa.

Asi pakupedzisira, musiki wega wega unogona kufungidzira iwo mutsara, chinangwa, kuda kutaura nyaya neiyo determinism yemweya kuisa dema pane chena kushushikana kwepfungwa uye kunyangwe kwakakosha madhiraivha.

Pakupedzisira, tinowana mubhuku raSontag runyoro rusingaperi pakati pehunyanzvi hwakakosha uye chivimbo chakasimba chefungidziro yakatakurwa neanthropological kuvapo kwakaisa munhu pakati pezvese uye izvo zvakamuita iye "anomukurudzira" wenguva yake mune zvemagariro, tsika uye kunyangwe zvematongerwo enyika.

Wepamusoro 3 Akakurudzirwa Mabhuku naSusan Sontag

Nezvekutora mifananidzo

Pasina panikiro, kutora mafoto chaive chinhu chakasiyana kugadzirwa kwavaripo. Hazvirevi kuti zvaireva kushandurwa kwenyika mune tekinoroji, asi mumunhu. Idi rokuti nguva pfupi inogona kutorwa nokuda kwevazukuru nokunzwa ikoko kwemashiripiti kunoganhurana nezvisingafungidziriki uye kunotitungamirira kukudzokorora zvakatoitika nouremu hwendangariro dzakaitwa kuva mifananidzo.

Imwe pfungwa yakafanana yaizotariswa, pakati pevamwe vazhinji, naSusan Sontag kuti vaende kubhuku iri rekutanga rinopfuura nepakati pehunyanzvi nemhedzisiro, pakati pemuchina unobata kunyemwerera uye hunhu hwekunyemwerera hunosvika zvakare neavo vanofunga nezvechipikicha chero nguva inotevera. .

Nezvekutora mifananidzo, rakatanga kuburitswa muna 1973, raive basa rechimurenga mukutsoropodza mifananidzo. Naiye, Susan Sontag akasimudza mibvunzo isingadzivisike, mutsika uye nehunyanzvi, nezve fomu iri rehunyanzvi. Kune mifananidzo pese pese; Vane simba rekukanganisa, kufunga kana kunyengera, vanogona kumutsa kufungidzira kana vanogona kushanda sechiyeuchidzo, uye vanomira seuchapupu kutirwisa kana pakati kutizivisa. Muzvitsauko izvi zvitanhatu zvine njere, Sontag anoshamisika kuti kuvapo kwese kwemifananidzo iyi kunokanganisa sei nzira yedu yekuona nyika, uye kuti tavimba navo sei kuti vafunge pfungwa dzechokwadi nemasimba.

Nezve kurwadziwa kwevamwe

Hapana chimwe chinonzwira tsitsi pane kuyedza kusvika panzvimbo imwechete panorwadza marwadzo, uko munondo unorova sekondi yega yega inofambira mberi pakati peawa rinorwadza uye risingaperi rekurwadziwa.

Uye hongu, hapana munhu ari nani kupfuura Goya kuti aratidze, muchikamu chake chechipiri, kuti kurwadziwa kwakaita synthesis pakati pemweya wake unotambudzika uye kuderera kwake kwakanzwa kubva mukusanzwa kwake. Hapana munhu akaita semupendi weAragon anoratidza kurwadziwa kwake kwetsitsi, kuvharika pakati penjodzi dzehondo, manzwiro anoita munhu seanotyisa. Nhamo yacho inofungidzirwa nomumwe nomumwe sokurayira kunoita mweya. Mubvunzo ndewokuti tinozviisa sei pachedu apo marwadzo ari kune rumwe rutivi, mukati memuvakidzani.

Makumi maviri nemashanu makore apfuura Nezvekutora mifananidzoSusan Sontag akadzokera kufundo yekuratidzwa kwekuratidzwa kwehondo nemhirizhonga. Iko kushamisika kwekutambura kwevamwe kunotikanganisa sei? Takazojaira hutsinye here? Kuti aite izvi, munyori anoongorora Goya akateedzana Njodzi dzehondo, mifananidzo yehondo yevagari vemuAmerica uye misasa yevasungwa yeNazi, nemifananidzo inotyisa yazvino yeBosnia, Sierra Leone, Rwanda, Israel, nePalestine, pamwe neNew York City musi waGunyana 11, 2001. Mu Nezve kurwadziwa kwevamwe, Susan Sontag anobatsira kuratidza kunonakidza nezvekuti hondo inoitwa sei (uye inonzwisiswa) mumazuva edu.

Kurwara nemadimikira avo

Isu hatina kumbove rudzi rwakachengetedzwa, tisingazive nezvirwere zvikuru, tupukanana kana chirwere. Kunyangwe nenyaya yekuti isu tinotenda isu tiri pamwe nega nyowani kutenderera uko kwakaipa muchimiro chechirwere chakajairika kunodzokera. Kana pamwe ndicho chinhu chatinofanira kufunga seichi, kuenda kumberi kunyangwe nezvose.

Mushure mekusvika kumabhuku aSusan Sontag kakati wandei, unoona manzwiro asinganzwisisike ekushandura mapeji pakati pechokwadi akashandurwa kuita zvinyorwa zvinonakidza. Pachiitiko ichi, uye nekutora mukana wezvinosemesa synergy yekoronavirus, zvese zvinotora pfungwa huru yeiyi riini.

Uye zvakadaro, mumutsara tinowanawo huchenjeri hweanthropological pamusoro pechirwere, zvakakosha zvakasara zvepfungwa, zvinyorwa zvekufungidzira kwakaungana mukutarisana nenjodzi yekusava nesimba kwedu ... Iri bhuku rinounza pamwe chete zvinyorwa, Kurwara nemadimikira avo y AIDS nemadimikira ayo, izvo zvinoramba zvichishandisa simba rakakura pakufunga kwekurapa uye nehupenyu hwezviuru zvevarwere nevachengeti.

Susan Sontag akanyora Kurwara nemadimikira avo muna 1978, paakanga achirwara nekenza. Mubhuku iri aida kuratidza kuti ngano dzezvimwe zvirwere, kunyanya kenza, dzinowedzera sei marwadzo mukutambudzika kwevarwere uye dzinowanzovatadzisa kutsvaga kurapwa kwakakodzera. Anenge makore gumi gare gare, nekubuda kwechirwere chitsva chinoshorwa uye chakazadzwa nekusagadzikana uye "fungidziro dzekuranga," Sontag akanyora. AIDS nemadimikira ayo, ichiwedzera nharo dzebhuku redenda reAIDS isati yaitika.