Kune vanyori vanofarira kurondedzera vari pachikumbaridzo apo chokwadi chinokatyamadza chinoratidzika kunge ngano, zvirinani nekuda kwekukatyamadza kwechokwadi chaunzwa. Erik larson ndeimwe yezvinonyanya kukanganisa. Nekuti kudhirowa pazivo inoshamisa yezvakaitika kare, iyo inouya kubva mukutsvaga kwake, Uyu murondedzeri wekuAmerica anotitora nenyika inoita senge uchronias inokatyamadza, asi inongogara pamwe chete nehupenyu hwedu hwemazuva ese. munzira yakapakwa, yakavigwa, isingazivikanwe nevanhuwo zvavo. Hupenyu hunogara huchiwana nuances apo mutori wenhau, anoita semunyori wenhoroondo, achitiunza padhuze neruzivo rwakadzika rwezvinhu.
Fungidzira a JJ Benitez Yankee maitiro, ingori nzvimbo yakasviba, yakanyanya kurerekera kune nhema nhoroondo, kune hutsotsi, kuronga kusimbisa, kupidigura kana kukanganisa masimba. Mune imwe nyaya kana imwe ndeyekuferefeta, kuzadza nemadonhwe ekufungidzira uye kuganhura zvese nerondedzero yepragmatic. Rondedzero ine hungwaru hwekushandisa mutauro kuratidza chokwadi uye kudonongodza kana kuratidza zvingave fungidziro kana ngano. Zvese nezve zvinoonekwa. Chokwadi chiri kuzviisa pasi uye mutauri akanaka anogona kushandisa zviwanikwa kugadzira zvinyorwa kana kunyora nemaoko.
Kana munyori ari kutaurwa ariwo mutori wenhau, zvinobva zvanzwisiswa kuti kutungamirirwa kwenyaya iyi inyaya yeruzivo rwezvekufambiswa kwemashoko izvo zvavasingazomboshandisa sevanoburitsa zvakaitika. Asi mabhuku ndechimwe chinhu, kunyangwe anofungidzirwa kuti canons eNhoroondo ndizvo. Uye ani nani anogara pasi kuti averenge bhuku, kunyangwe rondedzero, anoziva kuti haazowana, kana kuda kuwana, chokwadi chakakwana, kana zvirevo zvekutenda, mabhaibheri akaparadzana.
Wepamusoro 3 Akakurudzirwa Mabhuku naErik Larson
Lusitania: Kunyura kwakachinja nzira yenhoroondo
Zvakafanana nezvose. Isu tinogara tichisiiwa nemuenzaniso mumwechete, pamwe iwoyo anecdotal. Zvimwe chetezvo zvakaitika nokusvika kwomunhu kumwedzi. Paive nevemuchadenga gumi nevaviri vakatsika mwedzi munzendo nhanhatu dzakaitwa nevanhu pamwe chete. Vashoma vanozviziva. Titanic, kune chikamu chayo, kwaive kunyura kukuru kweNhoroondo, paradigm yekusashanda kwevanhu kwakapidigurwa nemasikirwo. Asi chenjera muchiitiko cheLusitania, icho chakanyanya kuipa.
Yakakura uye yakasarudzika, iyo Lusitania, iyo yakakwira kubva kuNew York musi waMay 1, 1915, yakanga iri chiyeuchidzo chekudada nehungwaru hwepanguva iyoyo, ngarava yevanomhanyisa kupfuura dzose. Nendima yakazara, akabva akadzikama kunyangwe paive nehondo. Pfungwa yekuti ngarava yepasi peGerman inogona kunyura yaiita kunge isina musoro, pfungwa yakadzokororwa nekambani yekutumira: 'The Lusitania Ndiyo ngarava yakachengeteka mugungwa. Inomhanya zvakanyanya kune chero yepasi pegungwa. Hakuna ngarava yehondo yeGerman inogona kusvika kana kusvika padyo nayo. '
Pakatenderedza mbiri masikati paMay 7, chikepe chakarohwa ne torpedo yakapfurwa negungwa repasi peGerman. Mumaminetsi makumi maviri chete rakanyura uye pakanga paine 1.200 vakafa, vazhinji vacho zvizvarwa zveAmerica. Iyi nhamo yakashandiswa nevezvenhau kugadzira mamiriro ekufunga akakodzera kutora chikamu muhondo. Asi chii chiri chokwadi pamusoro pekunyura uku? Chakanga chiri chiitiko chakarongedzwa kupembedza kupinda kweAmerica muHondo Huru? Yakanga yakatakurwa nezvinhu zvinoputika zveGreat Britain? Njodzi yakaita seiyi ingadai yakadzivirirwa?
Iine hupfumi hwevanhu uye maitiro epakutanga, Lusitania inobvumira vaverengi kuti vaone rwendo uye nhamo munguva chaiyo, pamwe nekuwana ruzivo rwepedyo rwakanga rwakavanzwa nemhute yenhoroondo.
Dhiyabhorosi muGuta Dzvuku
Nyaya yega yega inoburitsa misiyano inoshamisa, ingave mukupenya kwayo kana mimvuri yayo. Pakati pekuonekwa kwehupenyu hwemagariro evanhu uye dzimba dzepasi apo munhu wese anochengeta masks avo, mahero asingatarisirwi anogona kupedzisira aoneka. Pfungwa yaJeckyl naVaHyde ndeyechokwadi zvakanyanya hyperbole kubvuma kuti ndizvozvo, kuwedzeredza ...
Vese vaive vakangwara uye vakasindimara, uye chishuwo chekubudirira chakavasundira mberi nekuenderera mberi: mugadziri Daniel Hudson Burnham akapihwa basa rekugadzira nekuvaka matumba eChicago World's Fair, yaizovhura madhoo ayo muna Chivabvu 1893; Henry H. Holmes aive chiremba uye akasarudza kushandisa ruzivo rwake panguva yekuratidzwa nenzira ine hutsinye. Burnham paaivaka madziro edzimba dzinoshamisa, Holmes aive nemakamuri ekutambudza akavakwa mumatura eimba yake umo vakadzi vasingaverengeke vaizosangana nekufa kwavo.
Izvo zvinoita senge zano rerungano rinotyisa raive pakupera kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX chokwadi chakazunungusa nyika yese uye icho chaive nezvapupu zvakasarudzika varume vakasiyana saBuffalo Bill, Theodore Dreiser naThomas Edison. Kutambudzika kwemugadziri uye nachiremba, mienzaniso yekuzvitutumadza uye nehuipi husinganzwisisike, huchiuya kwatiri nekuda kwebhuku iri rinoshamisa, nyaya yeupengo.
Kubwinya uye Vileness: Iyo Nyaya yaChurchill uye Yake Yemhuri Zvakatipoteredza Munguva Yakanyanya Kukosha Nguva yeHondo
Churchill, pirate yekupedzisira yeChirungu yakapihwa basa rekuparadzanisa Europe mushure meHondo Yenyika II. Hunhu hwekukura kwekutanga kuti anzwisise iyo Europe yeanobatana kwaaive iye aipindirana nevanonunura, mutumwa, uyo anopedzisira akaisa toni mune zvese kutaurirana. Mumwe mukomana akagadzira chirevo 'mhandu dzedu dziri mberi, vavengi vedu, kumashure»Nezve maonero evapikisi muparamende nedzimwe nhengo dzebato pabhenji rako wega ... ndaifanirwa kuve ndakangwara uye ndichifanonyeverwa kunge gava.
Zvinotaridza kuti tinoziva zvese (kana chinenge zvese) zvaWinston Churchill. Uye zvakadaro, semuhupenyu hwese, chimwe chinhu chinogara chichitinzvenga. Uye zviripo, mune iwo maburi akasiyiwa parutivi neyakaremerwa kana yakashoropodzwa nhoroondo, uko kwakasarudzika matarenda enhoroondo aErik Larson anopinda. Yakatenderedzwa kusvika kune yakatarwa nguva, kubva muna Chivabvu 1940 kusvika Chivabvu 1941, iyo nguva yeropa zvakanyanya yeBlitz, bhuku iri rinorondedzera, rinenge senge inoverengeka, "kuti Churchill nedenderedzwa rake vakapona sei zuva nezuva: zvidimbu zvidiki zvinoratidza mararamiro evanhu muhupenyu. chokwadi pasi pemhepo yaHitler yesimbi. Iyo yaive nguva iyo Churchill yakave Churchillpaakapa hurukuro dzake dzinoyemurika uye achiratidza pasi rose ushingi nehutungamiriri.
Mune basa iri isu tine mukuru wehurumende, mutauri uye mutungamiri uyo asina kumboita seakarasikirwa kuchamhembe, asiwo murume akapokana sarudzo dzake, aristocrat uye kurarama zvakanaka kuti akasuwa hudiki, hunyoro uye nehasha. Anoshanduka-shanduka Churchill akazvivakira hunhu senyaya ine vara guru. Larson anozvitaurira nekutevera chiaroscuro yemavara madiki. Mushure mezvose, sekutaura kwaChurchill iye munyori wake: "Kana mazwi achikosha, tinofanirwa kukunda muhondo iyi."
