Mabuku abwino kwambiri a Arturo Pérez Reverte

Nthawi zonse imakhala nthawi yabwino kupereka malingaliro pazambiri zolembedwa zamaphunziro a chilankhulochi, zokhoza kuphatikiza chilankhulo chodabwitsa kwambiri ndichinthu chosangalatsa kwambiri, njira yabwino yophunzitsira chilankhulo ndikusangalatsa komwe kukuwonetsedwa ponseponse ntchito ya Don Arturo Pérez Reverte. Mwina olemba ena ayenera kuphunzira ...

Chifukwa chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri za wolemba ndi cha ine, kusinthasintha. Wolemba atakwanitsa kupanga zolengedwa zosiyanasiyana, amawonetsa kuthekera kodzikwaniritsa, kufunikira kofufuzira zatsopano ndikudzipereka kwanzeru, popanda zowonjezerapo zina.

Tonsefe timadziwa ziwonetsero zapagulu za Arturo Pérez Reverte kudzera pa XL Semanal kapena pa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti ndipo pafupifupi samakusiyani opanda chidwi. Mosakayikira, njira iyi yosakakamira pazomwe zakhazikitsidwa kale ikuwonekeratu kuti amakonda kulemba chifukwa cha izi, ngati malonda aulere, popanda zofunikira pakutsatsa (ngakhale kumapeto kwake amagulitsa mabuku ngati ambiri).

Kufotokozera za ntchito yake yolemba kwambiri kumamveka ngati kopatsa chidwi. Koma ndizomwe zimafunika kuti munthu akhale wowerenga zaulere. Nditha kupereka malingaliro anga chifukwa, chifukwa chake ndiyesetsa kuyambiranso mabuku onse a Arturo Pérez Reverte, omwe amapanga ntchito yayitali, mosakayikira, m'modzi mwa olemba abwino kwambiri aku Spain masiku ano.

Tikabwerera koyambirira, timapeza kuti mabuku oyamba a Arturo Pérez Reverte anali akuyembekeza kale ma sewero omwe adzatisungire. Koma timapita mmodzimmodzi motsatira nthawi. Takulandilani ku Reverte chilengedwe, osachepera malinga ndi ma buku:

Imagwira ndi Arturo Pérez-Reverte motsatira nthawi

Nkhumba

Chiyambi chake, Hussar, idalunjika m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi. Ngakhale chiwembucho chidafika munthawi yofananira, ndi zomwe zidachitika ngati nkhondo koyambirira kwa Nkhondo Yodziyimira Yokha ku Spain, bukuli lilinso ndi zotsalira zowunikira mkangano uliwonse.

Anthu omwe ali m'bukuli amabweretsa malingaliro ndi malingaliro oyipa pankhondo, chinthu choyenera kwambiri kwa mtolankhani wankhondo yemwe anali watsopano ku zolemba zopeka. Sitiyenera kuiwala zaka zake zoposa 20 monga nthumwi yapadera ku mikangano yosiyanasiyana. Zaka makumi awiri zoperekedwa ku cholinga chofotokozera zoopsa zankhondo zosiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi.

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Mpanda waluso

Mpanda waluso inali buku lake lachiwiri, lofalitsidwa mu 1988. Kuti likhale mutu wake wachiwiri, inali yogulitsa kale; zomwe zidatulutsidwa lero ngati ntchito yayikulu yachinsinsi komanso kuti ndipulumutsanso pano mu Epulo 2017.

Kuphatikiza pakuyimira Spain kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX munjira yolondola komanso yamtengo wapatali, chiwembu chosangalatsa chimagwira ntchitoyi. Moyo wa Don Jaime, wolondera mpanda amatenga njira zosayembekezereka ndikuwoneka ngati mzimayi wovuta yemwe akufuna kudziphunzitsa yekha popha ndende ya Don Jaime.

Zangochitika mwadzidzidzi kapena ayi, mofananamo, a Don Jaime amakhala malo osungira zikalata za marquis omwe amamudalira kuti ateteza zidziwitso zofunika. Chifukwa cha "zochitika" ziwirizi chiwembucho chimayambitsidwa ...

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Gome lokhazikika

Zomwe munganene Gome lokhazikika? Zaka ziwiri zitatha Womanga mpanda, wolemba adabwereza chilinganizo bwino kwambiri kapena kuposa momwe adatchulidwira kale.

Nthawi zonse ndimayendedwe amakongoletsedwe amitundu ndi makanema ojambula kumbuyo, wolemba amalowa ntchito yatsopano yachinsinsi yomwe ili pafupi kutsetsereka ndi zosangalatsa. Art, chess ndi mbiriyakale, kuphatikiza kochititsa chidwi kuti apange malembo akale omwe Julia, wobwezeretsa wachichepere amayesera kumvetsetsa.

Buku lomwe limalimbikitsa kuti liziwoneka bwino pamalingaliro ake, kumamverera kuti ndiwomwe akutenga nawo gawo pamalopo ndi chidziwitso, kwinaku mukusangalala ndi nyimbo yomwe siyimatha konse. Kamvekedwe kamtundu wa anthu otchulidwa, kotengeka ndi zomwe apeza m'mbuyomu zazikulu zazikulu.

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Kalabu ya Dumas

Kalabu ya Dumas Ndi ulemu kwa wolemba wamkulu Alexandre Dumas, wolemba wolemba yekha komanso chopitilira kalilole momwe angapangire mawonekedwe, kukongola, kuzama kwa otchulidwa komanso mfundo zamalonda zomwe zimakwaniritsidwa kudzera m'mafundo ndi mathero.

M'bukuli, Arturo Pérez Reverte amalowa mdziko la ma bibliophiles, komwe timaphunzira zamtengo wapatali zoyambirira, zolemba zoyambirira kapena zolemba pamanja za ntchito zazikulu za Alexandre Dumas ndi olemba ena.

Nkhaniyi imakhudzidwa ndikumakhudza kwazaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi, ndikununkhira kwa pepala lakale ndi inki. Choyikacho chadzazidwa ndi lingaliro la esoteric lazovuta zosangalatsa kuti zimasulidwe, makamaka zokhudzana ndi buku lolimba: Zipata zisanu ndi zinayi zaufumu wamithunzi.

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Mthunzi wa mphungu

Mthunzi wa mphungu Siimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino ndi trturo Pérez Reverte, koma kwa ine ikupitilizabe kukhala nkhani yosangalatsa yankhondo yokhudza zochitika zenizeni zomwe zidachitika panthawi yomwe Napoleon amalanda mayiko aku Russia: nkhondo ya Berézina.

Pa mpikisanowu, akaidi aku Spain adatenga nawo gawo ku France omwe, atakumana ndi zoopsa zakumenyanako, sanazengereze kusintha mbali atapenta zibonga.

Wolembayo amasewera pakati pa zenizeni ndi zopeka, akumamatira ku zotsatira ndi chowonadi chenicheni chazosatsimikizika za mbiriyakale koma ndikusintha makulidwe ake kuti apange nkhani yosangalatsa popanda chinyengo komanso pamlingo wina wotsimikizira zomwe zili kutsogolo mizere.

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Gawo la Comanche

Gawo la Comanche Zinatanthawuza kupumula kofunikira ndi mutu wankhani yopeka womwe wolemba adachita mpaka nthawiyo. M'ntchitoyi, kuwonjezereka kwapang'onopang'ono kumadziwika, kuchedwa kwapang'onopang'ono, chifukwa m'masamba ake wolemba adadzitsegula yekha kudziko lonse lapansi ndikuchita ngati mtolankhani wankhondo. Chifukwa ntchitoyi ili ndi mfundo zongopeka, kapena zongoganizira chabe, koma zokhazikika mu zenizeni. Mungayiwala bwanji kuti Arturo Pérez Reverte wobisika mu ngalande pakati pa ndewu? Kodi iye sakanasiya bwanji mbali ya zochitika zake mu ntchito ngati iyi?

Kulemba zakukula kwa nkhondo sikuyenera kukhala kophweka. Mubukuli chilankhulo chimayamba mdima nthawi zina. Zili ngati kuti ikuwulula zonse zomwe zidatsala kuti zanenedwe kupitilira zomwe zajambulidwa ndi ma TV.

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Khungu la Drum

Khungu la Drum adabwerera kukachira wolemba mbiri Reverte, wolemba okhwima koma wopanga mwaluso kwambiri, wolemba nkhani zam'mbiri komanso wopanga zovuta ndi zinsinsi zosangalatsa.

Wolemba zambiriyu anali kubwerera kumalo ake olemekezeka m'mabuku. Ndipo pankhani ya chiwembu ndi otchulidwa, chowonadi ndichakuti adachita izi kudzera pakhomo lakumaso. Kupanga bukuli kuyenera kukhala kwa Ken Follet, chilengedwe cha anthu otchulidwa ndi nthambi zomwe zimakhala zochititsa chidwi.

M'bukuli wolemba adatulutsa zaluso zake, ukatswiri wake komanso zolemba zake zomwe zidali kale kuti zithandizane lero ndi dzulo. Kuchokera pakompyuta mpaka m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, kuphatikiza mitundu yamitundu yonse ndikukhalabe ndi ulusi womwe wowerenga aliyense amangomangika.

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Kalata yozungulira

Arturo Pérez Reverte, akanakhala John Smith Westinghouse, akadafika (ngati sanafikirepo) mulingo wa ogulitsa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, Zolemba, Brown o King, pokhapokha awiri awiri oyamba, ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso matope pansi.

Ndizodabwitsa kuti wolemba uyu wapeza bwanji ziwembu zatsopano kuti apange nkhani zatsopano komanso zowoneka ngati izi Kalata yozungulira. Kusweka kwa bwato m'nyanja za theka la dziko lapansi ndi nkhani yochititsa chidwi, osaka chuma akufufuzabe zakuya kwa nyanja ndi nyanja.

Ndipo ndizomwe bukuli likunena, a Mediterranean monga wopereka chidziwitso chofunikira pamadzi chofunikira kwambiri m'mbiri.

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Mfumukazi yakumwera

Mfumukazi yakumwera Zikuwonetsa chidwi chakulemba kwa Reverte mwa azimayi "osiyanasiyana" awa. M'dziko lomwe likufunabe kufanana kwa amuna ndi akazi pamilingo yayikulu kwambiri, kulingalira za mafia kapena misika yakuda pomwe mkazi akhoza kukhala yemwe amayendetsa zonse ndizodabwitsa, ndikukweza mtengo wa mayiyo kuposa wina aliyense .mwamuna.

Tiyerekeze kuti ndi malingaliro ochokera powerenga ngati upandu. Koma zachidziwikire, pansi pa chiwembu chomwe chimayang'ana kwambiri kuzembetsa, kununkhira kwa ziphuphu, imfa ndi mikangano yamitundu yonse imatuluka. Teresa Mendoza, mfumukazi yeniyeni yakumwera, angasangalale kudzipeza yekha mu nthano yosangalatsa yokhudza moyo wake ndi ntchito yake.

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Cape Trafalgar

Cape Trafalgar Arturo Pérez Reverte adapatsidwa mphotho ya Cross pamiyeso yapamadzi, yomwe ikuwonetsa kufunikira ndi kuzindikira kwa ntchitoyi. Ndikumbuyo kwa buku lake

Kalata yozungulira, wolemba anali ndi katundu wokwanira kuti achite nkhani ina yayikulu yankhondo. Tili pakati pa nkhondo ya Trafalgar, sitima yaku Spain Antilles akukonzekera kuthana ndi nkhondo yankhondo yapamtunda yodziwika bwino m'mbiri yonse.

Kuti tipeze zochitika zakale, Reverte amaonetsetsa kuti timamvetsetsa bwino anthu kudzera munzeru zosiyanasiyana, zotukwana kapena zaluso, koma nthawi zonse ndizoyenera kwambiri kutipangitsa kukhala ndi zochitika pakhungu lathu.

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Wojambula wankhondo

Wojambula wankhondo ikutipatsa mwayi wothana ndi nkhondo ku Balkan. Ngati ku Comanche Territory zochitikazo zidakhudza utolankhani, munkhaniyi mfundo imadutsa pamalowo, zomwe zimakhudza nkhondo yaumwini, makamaka ngati wojambula zithunzi komanso wankhondo koma atafotokozera msirikali aliyense , nzika kapena wovutitsidwa ndi nkhondoyi kapena wina aliyense.

Koma kupitirira kupitirira apo, nkhaniyi imabweretsanso mfundo yosangalatsa. Ulendo wa Ivo Markovic, m'modzi mwa anthu omwe adajambulidwa ndi Faulques, amatenga njira zoyipa zomwe imfa imayembekezeredwa ngati kubwezera komwe kumadzaza zokumbukira komanso maakaunti omwe akuyembekezeredwa.

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Tsiku la mkwiyo

Pankhondo iliyonse pamakhala tsiku loopsa kwambiri, kukumana ndi gehena komwe anthu amalowa m'magazi osaganizira. Tsiku la mkwiyo imayang'ana pa Meyi 2, 1808 ku Madrid. Mlandu wotchuka wa a Mameluke womwe Goya adajambula modabwitsa. Izo zinali za tsiku la mkwiyo wofalikira ngati matenda a infernal.

M'buku lino Reverte amatenga zolemba za mbiri yakale mozama, ndikukwaniritsa zowona molondola. Koma zenizeni zidachitika pansipa zomwe zidalembetsedwa. Nkhani zazing'ono zongopeka zimakhala ngati zowopsa, tsiku lomwelo pomwe anthu adaukira nkhondo yaku Napoliyoni.

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Kuzinga

Kuzinga Ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri za wolemba. Kutolere zolembedwa ndi chidziwitso chokhudza Nkhondo Yodziyimira payokha ku Spain zidamaliza ntchitoyi, makamaka malinga ndi zofunikira ku Cádiz pakati pa zaka za 1811 ndi 1812. Kupanda kutero, chomwe chimapangitsa chiwembucho ndikusintha kwa anthu osiyanasiyana nthawi zina , kulumikizana kochititsa chidwi koyenera chiwembu cha Ken Follet.

Koma kuwonjezera apo Reverte amakwaniritsa matchulidwe osiyanasiyana pantchitoyi, nthawi yomwe moyo wa anthu otchulidwawo umatsikira kumalo ofufuza kapena kutembenukira pang'ono ndikumayang'ana kapena kupita kumalo osayansi, onse okhala ndi mfundo yosasintha komanso yowala.

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Tango la mlonda wakale

Con Tango la mlonda wakale, Arturo Pérez Reverte akutiuza nkhani yachikondi. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti atatha nkhani zambiri zokhala ngati wankhondo, adadzidzidzimutsa ndi buku lachikondi. Koma ndizomveka sizokhudza izi zokha.

Chifukwa chenicheni cholankhulira za chikondi ndikuchepetsa nthawi zosiyanasiyana. A Max Costa ndi a Mecha amatitsogolera, kudzera mchikondi chawo chimodzi, kupsinjika mtima, kudzera pakumverera kwa otayika, komanso, mikangano ina yankhondo yapakati pazaka za zana la XNUMX.

Mapeto ake, mu 60s olimbikitsa, okondawo akukumana ndi masewera osokoneza a chess. Buku losangalatsa komanso lowopsa lomwe, chifukwa chosiyana, ladzazidwa ndi madalitso komanso kulingalira kwakukulu. Zingakhale choncho. Kwa zokonda, mitundu.

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Sniper wodwala

Sniper wodwala zikumveka kale ngati zoyipa. Kuleza mtima kumene munthu yemwe akukonzekera kupha akhoza kukhala nako, kumayembekezera ntchito yatsopano pazinthu zosamvetsetseka za munthu. Komabe njira zachiwembucho zimapita patsogolo osati motere.

Sniper yomwe tatchulayi ndi mtundu wotsutsana, wotchedwa Sniper, mtundu wosadziwika wokhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera aluso. Alejandra Varela, mtolankhani, ali panjira yake. Amafuna kuti afike kwa iye pamaso pa wina aliyense, kupeza zifukwa zake ndikuyika nkhope pa iye. Koma kuti mufike ku Sniper pali dziko lonse lapansi loti mudutsemo, lomwe lapangidwa m'magulu athu apano. Chiwembu chosunthika, chachiwembu chachikulu koma chokhala ndi zolinga zomveka bwino.

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Amuna abwino

Amuna abwino iwo anali iwo omwe amafuna kuti abweretse kuwala ku Spain wamithunzi. Zikuwonekeratu kuti, monga wophunzira ku Royal Academy of the Language, Pérez Reverte adapeza mbiri yakale ya Hermógenes Molina ndi Don Pedro Zárate, onse omwe adatumizidwa ndi Academy kuti akapeze The Encyclopedia of Diderot ndi D'Alembert.

M'zaka za zana la XNUMX zinali kutha ndipo ophunzira nthawi imeneyo adazindikira kuti ntchito yayikuluyi, Reasoned Dictionary of the Sciences, the Arts and the Trades, itha kukhala ndi chithunzi komanso kusintha pagulu la anthu aku Spain operekedwa kumdima wamaganizidwe ndi moyo.

Ulendo wapakati pa Spain ndi France ukuwonetsa kusiyana pakati pa kumwera kwa Europe ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Europe, koma nthawi yomweyo tikugawana zenizeni zofananazi, tili ndi mwayi wopambana, ndi anthuwa, ndi chilankhulo chawo nthawi ndi nkhani ya zomwe adakumana nazo paulendo wopita kuunikako.

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Zopatsa za Captain Alatriste

Zopatsa za Captain Alatriste Amapangidwa ndi mavoliyumu 7 owerengera palokha, ngakhale mawonekedwe athunthu amakwaniritsidwa powerenga kwathunthu, potero amakwaniritsa chisangalalo chapadera, chofanizira cha zomwe zingayembekezeredwe pazochitika zilizonse zomwe woyendetsa nthano uja amakumana nazo .

Kaputeni Alatriste ali kale ndi zilembo zazikulu m'mabuku aku Spain. Iliyonse mwa mabuku asanu ndi awiri (7) omwe munthuyu amapitilira ndiosangalatsa pakati pa Spanish Golden Age.

Luntha la zaka zomwe Spain idali chikhazikitso padziko lonse lapansi zidabisalanso mithunzi ndi mavuto ake, ma mwano ake ndi mikangano yake. Alatriste akuyimira wolemekezeka wamoyo, osati waudindo, munthu wolima komanso wolimba mtima, wokhala ndi ulemu waukulu komanso lupanga lokonzekera chilango.

Mu voliyumu yomwe mungapeze podina chithunzicho, mndandanda wa mabuku asanu ndi awiriwo waperekedwa. Mosakayikira, mphatso yapadera yomwe achinyamata ndi achikulire angasangalale nayo. Kusangalala ndi kuphunzira ndi chilankhulo chodabwitsa.

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Falco

Falco. Zomwe zimayimbidwa ngati mndandanda wazambiri posachedwa zidzakhala nazo chigawo chachiwiri: Eva. Zomwe timapeza mu Reverte watsopanoyu ndi mtundu wina wa wotsutsana ndi Alatriste obwezedwa pakati pa zaka za XNUMXth. Falcó ndi antihero, kazitape wolipira, chinthu chabwino kwambiri chomwe chabweretsedwera masiku ano.

Munthu yemwe amayenda m'malire osadziwika bwino akhalidwe koma ali ndi mbiri yabwino m'maiko amdima omwe amakhala ngati chida choti zinthu ziyende bwino. Gawo la 30s ndi 40s, ndi mikangano yambiri yakale, yamakono kapena yoyembekezera, ikuyimira gawo lachisokonezo cha mbiri yakale momwe munthu yekha ngati Falcó amadziwa kudzipangira yekha malo ndikupulumuka chirichonse.

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Eva

Eva. Lorenzo Falcó ali kale m'modzi mwa iwo otchulidwa nyenyezi omwe Arturo Pérez Reverte wamanga bwino zolemba za ku Puerto Rico. Zachidziwikire, munthu woyipa, wokayikakayika komanso wofuna kuchita izi alibe chochita ndi Alatriste waulemerero, koma ndiye chizindikiro cha nthawi. Msirikali amapereka ndodo ya antihero ngati wotsutsana naye mwamtheradi. Iyenera kukhala nkhani yotopetsa pakuwona zoyipa zomwe zimapambana, zikuyenda mosatekeseka pagulu la anthu omwe sanatenthedwe.

Pamwambowu, tili mu Marichi 1937. Lorenzo Falcó akupitilizabe kuchita zinthu motsogola, motsogozedwa ndi zigawenga, muntchito yakudayi yofunikira kusintha nkhondo, ngati kuli kofunikira. Pankhondo ndi mchikondi, chilichonse chimapita, mawu omwe akuwoneka kuti adapangidwira munthu wamdima uyu, yemwe akuwoneka kuti ali nawo mkati mwake kuti athe kuchita zopanda pake mumithunzi yaukazitape, ziwembu komanso kulumikizana ndi mdierekezi yemweyo.

Atasamutsidwa ku Tangier, Lorenzo Falcó ali ndi cholinga chodzetsa chipani cholamula ku Spain chomwe chimamupangitsa kukhala wosauka pachuma, wofooka komanso wopanda mbiri iliyonse padziko lapansi. Ntchito yakuda yomwe ingabweretse umphawi, mavuto ndi njala kwa anthu. Ntchito yomwe ndiyofunika kuti ichitidwe kuchokera m'malo onyazitsa omwe khalidweli limakhalamo, kuti anthu omwe amati amawamenyera olemekezeka, asadziwe zachinyengo zoterezi.

Pamaso pa Lorenzo Eva pakubwera, mayi wowoneka wopanda vuto yemwe amasangalatsa Falcó komanso amatenga nawo mbali pankhondo yonyansayo, koma mbali inayo. Kutengera nkhani, kukonda kapena kudana ndichinthu chofunikira, kutha kuchoka pamalo ena kupita kwina ngati pakufunika. Koma sizowona kuti pakubwera ndi kuyenda pakati pa zotsutsana munthu amatha kumasiya zotsalira za moyo, kuvula pamaso pazomwe zingakupangitseni kuti muganizirenso malo anu padziko lapansi.

Tazolowera zolembedwa zabwino kwambiri za wolemba uyu, pomwe amapenyerera nkhani zothamanga zomwe zimatipangitsa kukhala ndi moyo wosangalatsa, kutengeka mtima kwawo komanso kulumikizana bwino ndi zenizeni zomwe zikuzungulira otchulidwa, tikupezanso kuthekera koyenera, cholembera chomwe chidagwiritsidwa kale ntchito kufikira milingo yayikulu kwambiri yopambana.

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Agalu olimba samavina

Agalu olimba samavina. Ndikumva kugwedezeka komaliza kwa Eva, buku lake lakale mu mndandanda wa Falcó, likubwerezabwereza m'makumbukiro athu owerenga, Pérez Reverte adayamba buku latsopanoli lomwe sindikudziwa ngati kungakhale kusintha pakati pamalingaliro atsopano a Falcó kapena ngati akuyimira kutsekedwa kwa zomwe zalembedwa za Lorenzo Falcó ndi mtundu wake wapadera wa vivendi mzaka zonse za ulamuliro wa Franco.

Ngakhale zitakhala bwanji, bukuli limafotokozedwa ngati nthano yokhala ndi chiphiphiritso champhamvu kudzera pakusintha komwe kumatipangitsa kuiwala kuti ndi nkhani yokhudza agalu. Miyoyo ya Teo, Boris el Guapo, Negro ndi agalu ena ambiri amafikira pamakhalidwe oterewa omwe Arturo Pérez-Reverte amatha kukhala odalirika kwambiri.

Sindikudziwa ngati mukamaliza kuwerenga bukuli mutha kuyang'ananso galu chimodzimodzi. Ngati tinkakayikira kale kuti m'malingaliro amenewo mtundu wina wa luntha udabisika pamwamba pa zomwe zimakayikiridwa, tikamaliza chiwembucho tidzatsimikizira zokayikirazo.

Monga wokonda nyama zambiri komanso agalu makamaka, wolemba adasamalira kutiwonetsa zochitika zathunthu za nyama zomwe zadziwika ndi nthano. Chithunzi chachipembedzo pomwe zochitika zimapitilira pakati pamakhalidwe, zachilengedwe ndi zauzimu. Malangizo omwe kale amuna amalemekeza ngati maziko oti azikhala mosagwirizana pakati pa anthu ofanana.

Ulendo wa Negro pofunafuna anzawo omwe adatayika ndikuwonekeranso komwe agalu mwina adaphunzira kuchokera kwa amuna pokonzekera kuweta, koma kuti tsopano ndizomwe zimasunga kuposa ziphunzitso zathu zomwe zagonjetsedwa kwa ife eni.

Ngati china chidzapulumuka mdziko lino lapansi pambuyo pa mtundu wina wa hecatomb womwe ungatiyembekezere mawa kapena zaka zikwizikwi, agalu okha ndi omwe angayesetse kuti abwezeretse dziko lapansi momwe zikhalidwe zakale zimakhalira, poyambira kusamalira zamoyo zilizonse.

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Sabotage

Ndi bukuli timafika pagulu laling'ono la Falcó, mndandanda womwe wolemba amalepheretsa malingaliro, malonda ndi chidziwitso chazandale zomwe zili pakati pa Spain Civil War.

Chifukwa ngakhale tikulankhula za nthawi yovuta, zomwe zimachitika pakati pa masoka ankhondo nthawi zonse zimakhala zodabwitsa chifukwa cha zomwe akuganiza kuti ndizofunikira pakukonzekera zochitika. Ndipo nthawi zonse pamakhala mikangano yosangalatsa yopanga mabuku ophiphiritsira.

Zokonda zawo, pomwe achinyamata adayang'anizana kutsogolo, zimapereka chitsanzo chabwino cha chilichonse chomwe chimayenderera pankhondo mdziko lathu. Apanso, Falcó amatenga impso za nkhaniyi yomwe imadutsa pakatikati pa zochitika ndi zokumana nazo zomwe zidatiperekeza kale mu "Eva" wakale.

Apanso 1937, nthawi ino ku Paris. Pa Epulo 26 chaka chomwecho mabomba adawononga tawuni iyi ya Biscayan.Miyezi ingapo pambuyo pake Pablo Picasso adawonetsa tsoka la omwe sanathe kuthawira. Mwina pokhapokha pakati pa miyezi ya Meyi ndi Juni momwe wolemba adayamba kugwira ntchitoyi, zolemba za ntchitoyi sizingachitike malinga ndi malingaliro a wopanga wamkulu ...

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Mbiri ya Spain

Posachedwapa ndinali kumvetsera kuyankhulana ndi Don Arturo Pérez Reverte ponena za nkhani za mayiko, kudzimva kuti ndife anthu, mbendera ndi omwe amadziphimba nawo. Lingaliro la kukhala Spanish lero kuledzera ndi malingaliro, malingaliro, zovuta ndi mthunzi wautali wa kukayikira za chidziwitso chomwe chimayambitsa mikangano yokhazikika pa zomwe zikutanthauza kukhala Spanish.

Ma Labels ndi Manichaeism amalemetsa lingaliro lililonse lachi Spanish, mokomera onse omwe amachitira chiwembu zotsutsana ndi zenizeni zakukhalako, ndikuzidzaza ndi kulakwa, ndikuliyandikira kuchokera pachidwi chanthawi yomwe imachira magawo amdima kuti ipindule nayo. Lingaliro logwira ntchito molimbika kuti Spain tsopano ndi yofanana ndi yomwe idalandidwa ndikukhalidwa ndi gulu, akuganiza kuti kuzindikira kotheratu kuti onse atayika, kuti iwo omwe adasintha ndi prism imodzi amadzisungira okha pamaso pa omwe amakonda ngati chinthu chochulukirapo komanso chosiyanasiyana.

Kusokoneza chizindikiritso cha dziko chomwe, monga china chilichonse, chinali ndi kuwala kwake ndi mithunzi yake ndipo, pamapeto pake, sayenera kukhala yamalingaliro aliwonse koma ya iwo omwe amakhala pachifuwa chachilendo chodzaza anthu. Ichi ndichifukwa chake sizimapweteka konse kumvera wolemba mbiri wamasiku athu ano.

Wolemba yemwe amachita popanda kukangana pazifukwa zodziwika kuchokera ku anecdotal mpaka zofunika. Chifukwa mtundu uwu wophatikiza wamaganizidwe uli ndi malo osiyana kwakanthawi kwakanthawi ku Iberia panorama momwe amisala, opusa, abodza, okhulupirira mawu ndi ophunzitsira popanda chiphunzitso chawo adachita bwino, kuchokera mbali zonse ziwiri zongopeka.

Ndipo ndikunena kuti "zabodza" kuziyika patsogolo pamalingaliro chifukwa, nthawi zambiri zimakhala kuti, kuchotsa bodza, kuwonetsa zabodza, kulemba ndi mawu oyipa kwambiri a Pérez Reverte kuti athe kumaliza aliyense ndi mavuto ake.

Kunyada kokhala Spain kapena Chipwitikizi kapena Chifalansa kumakhala kukongola kwa anthu omasuka ku manyazi amachitidwe abodzawa. Pofuna kuthana ndi kukonda dziko lako, anthu aku Spain okhumudwitsidwa kumenewa amavala mbendera yotsutsana, yomwe imavala chowonadi ndi chiyero, yomwe sinateteze zolakwika pomwe si zigawenga.

Monga kuti anthu oyipa amangokhala mbali imodzi, ngati kuti kuganiza mosiyana ndi iwo ndikulowa mu Spain wakuda yemwe ngati alipo alipo chifukwa cha kuwopsa kumene ena amangoyang'ana ndi dzulo, ndi ena, monga yankho lovulaza, amapatsidwa mizimu yakale.

Chifukwa sizofanana kubwereza kubwezeretsa kwa ufulu ndi ulemu kwa omwe agonjetsedwa pankhondo iliyonse kuposa kuyesa kumiza china chilichonse munyozo, mpaka kumapeto kwa masiku ndi chilichonse chomwe chikuyenda mofanana.

Mbiri ya Pérez Reverte ndi malo oti muzilankhula momasuka, popanda chilankhulo chokakamizidwa ndi olondola andale, popanda ngongole ndi omwe angamuthandize, osachita zomwe adalonjeza komanso popanda cholinga cholemba mbiri yatsopano. Mbiri ndi malingaliro nawonso, bola ngati izi sizabodza zodzikonda zokha.

Chilichonse ndichokhazikika. Ndipo izi zimadziwika ndi wolemba yemwe amapangitsa kumvera ena chisoni kukhala chida chamalonda. Chifukwa chake tikupeza bukuli lomwe limafotokoza za nkhanza pomwe nkhanza zinali zamalamulo ndipo zimatsegulira mikangano pomwe kusamvana kwa malingaliro kunadzetsa mphepo yamkuntho. Spain, kuchuluka kwa mayiko kutengera ndi ndani amene amakuwona, ntchito yomangika ndi dera losavuta, kwawo ndi hodgepodge yochokera ku Pyrenees kupita ku Gibraltar.

Onse kwa m'modzi wosokonezeka, kutenga nawo gawo munthawi zolemekezeka kapena masamba amdima, kutengera momwe akufuna kuwerenga. Pérez Reverte ndi liwu lodziwika bwino lazomwe zimadziwika pazovala zotentha zomwe ndi mbendera.

Nkhani yokhudza Spain iyi yomwe ingakhale yabwino kwambiri kungowona ena ngati ofanana ndikusangalala ndi zinthu zawo tikamayenda ndi chidwi chodabwitsa cha nsanza zakutali. Chaching'ono kapena china chilichonse ndi Spain, ngakhale kalata yowopseza ya nyimbo. Royal Marichi yomwe ngakhale chiyambi chake chimatayika chifukwa chopanga mosiyanasiyana.

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Sidi

Chithunzi chododometsa cha El Cid monga chizindikiro cha Reconquest chimabwera kwa tsitsi la Don Arturo Perez Reverte kuti athetse nthanoyo kwakanthawi, ndikuphatikiza mbiri yakale.

Chifukwa ndendende, nthano ndi nthano nthawi zonse zimakhala ndi zolakwika, mbali zawo zakuda. Pankhani ya El Cid, onsewo ndi nkhungu momwe mawonekedwe ake adadziwitsidwa pakapita nthawi. Amalemekezedwa ndi nyimbo ndikuthamangitsidwa ndi mafumu ndi ambuye.

Palibe chabwino kuposa kukonzanso nthano kuti ikweze chiwerengerocho pazotsutsana zake, molingana ndi mwana wa oyandikana naye aliyense. Choyamba, tiyeni tiganizire za chidwi chodziwika kuti dzina lodziwika bwino la Cid limachokera ku Sidi (Lord m'Chiarabu), zomwe zimatipangitsa kuganiza kuti Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar anali msirikali wofunitsitsa kupulumuka kuposa kukulira kwa ufumu. ena pachilumba.

Zowonjezerapo poganizira kuti mwina kupezeka kocheperako komwe kunakakamiza ukapolo wake kukamupangitsa kuti apereke poyera luso lake lankhondo kwa aliyense wogula.

Chifukwa chake, ndi dzina lomwe lidathandizidwa, ngwazi yamtunduwu idayenda ku Spain konse ndi omwe anali nawo. Anyamata okhulupirika kumalamulo ake, okhala ndi chowonadi choipa kuyambira nthawi yomwe zonse zinali zazing'ono, ngakhale kupulumuka m'mawa uliwonse.

Amuna ofunitsitsa kuchita chilichonse ndi ulemuwo, pamaso pa adani a chikhulupiriro chilichonse, zomwe zimatanthauza kupereka miyoyo yawo kupambana kuti aliyense apambane mwayi wawo: mwina posiya dziko lino kapena, mwanjira ina, pogonjetsa mwayi watsopano amadya otentha kwinaku akudya magazi m'mapanga awo.

Nthawi zonse ndimakhala wokondweretsedwa ndi mawu omwe akuwonetsa kuti ngwazi ndi aliyense amene amachita zomwe angathe. Ndipo m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi chimodzi, ndimikhalidwe yoyenera, ngwazi inali munthu amene amatha kudya, ngati nyama yakuthengo. Kungoti kunalibenso.

Chikumbumtima kale ngati chidaperekedwa mulimonsemo pachikhulupiriro. Chikhulupiriro cholimba chomwe chidapangitsa omenyera nkhondo kuti azipezeka mu Chikhristu chawo, ngakhale atakumana ndi ndani. Koposa chilichonse palokha panali paradaiso woyendera ndipo atha kutaya nawo atakhala ndi moyo womvetsa chisoni padziko lapansi lino.

Chifukwa chake, panthawi yakufotokozera zowoneka bwino za munthu ngati El Cid, palibe amene ali bwino kuposa Pérez-Reverte kuti adziwonetsere ngati wolemba mbiri yake.

Monga mtolankhani wokhulupirika wa ukulu ndi mavuto; monga wolemba mbiri wodabwitsa wazaka zovuta zina. Masiku a amuna ndi akazi olimba miyala. Mitundu yomwe, pakati pawo, komabe, zowonadi zowoneka bwino zitha kuzindikirika mosiyana ndi mdima wapadziko lapansi.

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Phanga la ma cyclops

Aphorisms atsopano amakula ngati bowa pa twitter, kukutentha kwambiri kwa adani ako; kapena kuchokera pazolemba zomwe zaphunziridwa za omwe awunikiridwa kwambiri pamalopo.

Kumbali ina ya malo ochezera a pa Intaneti timapeza alendo olemekezeka a digito monga Arturo Perez Reverte. Mwina nthawi zina m'malo, monga Dante wodwala mopitirira muyeso akuyesera kuti atuluke m'mabwalo a Gahena. Ma Hell momwe, mwamzimu wolimbana ndi ziwanda zomwe zimatilamulira, Pérez-Reverte amayesetsa kunyadira wankhondo motsutsana ndi kupusa kwa opembedza ambiri a Satana.

Onsewo ndi onyansa mkatimo, ngati ma Cyclops omwe ali ndi diso limodzi lokhazikika pachowonadi kuti amagulitsa bwino kwa iwo, osakanizidwa ndi moto wa zofuna zoipa zauchiwanda. Koma pamapeto pake, mutha kuwakonda.

Chifukwa ndi zomwe zili. M'dziko latsopanoli, aliyense amadzidziwitsa yekha ndi zomwe zimavomereza mtundu wake, amathetsa zoyaka zamphamvu zonse ndikupita kuphompho.

Mwina ndichifukwa chake kuli bwino kubwerera kumawebusayiti ngati munthu amene amapita kukamwa mowa. Kuyiwala parishi yolimba mtima yomwe imakonza dziko lapansi ndikuyang'ana kwambiri pamabuku, zolemba, mizimu yamtundu wina, pamizimu yopatsa mantha koma yogwirika, popeza anthu adakula mchowonadi chawo ndikukhala limodzi.

Chifukwa mabuku ndi mphamvu zake zomvera ena nthawi zambiri zimakhala, kuyankha kuumboni watsopano ndi zifukwa, kupezanso zinthu ndikuwona kugonjetsedwa ndi chisangalalo cha wina amene amamwa kwambiri ngati kuti ndi koyamba.

«Kuyankhula za mabuku pa Twitter kuli ngati kuyankhula ndi anzanu pa bala bala -anatero Arturo Pérez-Reverte-. Ngati kuyankhula za mabuku nthawi zonse kumakhala chisangalalo, malo ochezera a pa intaneti amatithandizira izi zimapangitsa kukhala kofunika kwambiri. Kumeneko ndimasinthiratu kuwerenga moyo wanga wonse, ndipo ndimagawana nawo, mwanjira yomweyo, moyo wowerenga wa owerenga anga. Ndipo wowerenga ndi mnzake. "

Arturo Pérez-Reverte amatenga zaka khumi pa Twitter. Pali mitu yambiri yomwe adayankhulapo pa netiweki imeneyi, koma mabuku amakhala ndi malo otsogola. Pakati pa Okutobala 2010 ndi Marichi 2020, adalemba zoposa 45.000, zambiri za zolembedwa, zake zonse komanso zomwe amawerenga kapena zomwe zidamulemba zaka zambiri ngati wolemba.

Mauthengawa ndi omwe amakumana ndi omutsatira ake mu bala lanthano la Lola ndipo zakhala zikuchitika kuyambira tsiku lomwelo pomwe adalowa "kuphanga la cyclops", monga iye mwini adatchulira malo ochezera a pa Intaneti.

Mwa zina zambiri zokhudzana ndi zolemba, ma tweeters adamufunsa za buku lake lotsatira kapena momwe adalemba, ndipo adamupempha kuti awerenge malingaliro ake.

Bukuli limabweretsa pamodzi, chifukwa cha ntchito yolembedwa ndi Rogorn Moradan, zokambirana zonsezi popanda okhalapo omwe Arturo Pérez-Reverte adakhala nawo ndi owerenga ake. Popeza kuti ndemanga pa netiwekiyi ndizofulumira komanso zosakhalitsa, pali maakaunti ena omwe, monga a Rogorn ananenera, "ali ndi miyala yagolide yomwe ndiyofunika kusunga." Arturo Pérez-Reverte ndi m'modzi wa iwo.

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Mzere wamoto

Kwa wolemba zopeka zam'mbiri, pomwe zopeka zimaposa chidziwitso cha nkhaniyi, ndizosatheka kutengera nkhondo zapachiweniweni monga momwe zakhalira ndikukangana. Chifukwa mmenemo nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zowopsa zomwe zimangokhalira kukangana ndi mabanjaZolemba zaposachedwa kwambiri, zowala mwankhanza kwambiri pakati pa anthu chifukwa cha nkhondo, zimathera pomwepo.

kuchokera Kutsogolo mmwamba Javier FencesAmbiri akhala olemba omwe adayandikira zolemba zawo zaku Spain zofiira ndi zamtambo ngati masewera olakwika. Tsopano zili kwa Arturo Perez Reverte ulendo nthawi imeneyo adapanga malo opatulikiramo odzaza ndi ophedwa, ofera ndi ngwazi. Tiyenera kumiza usiku wamdima momwe zonse zimayambira ...

Usiku wa pa 24 mpaka 25 Julayi, 1938, pankhondo ya Ebro, amuna 2.890 ndi akazi 14 a XI Mixed Brigade a Army of the Republic adawoloka mtsinjewo kuti akakhazikitse mlatho wa Castellets del Segre, komwe adzamenyane masiku khumi. Komabe, ngakhale a Castellets, kapena a XI Brigade, kapena asitikali omwe akukumana nawo Mzere wa fuego iwo sanakhaleko.

Magulu ankhondo, malo ndi otchulidwa omwe akupezeka m'bukuli ndi zopeka, ngakhale zowona ndi mayina enieni omwe adalimbikitsidwa sizomwe zili. Zinali chimodzimodzi ngati izi makolo, agogo ndi abale achiSpanish ambiri amasiku ano adamenya nkhondo mbali zonse ziwiri m'masiku amenewo komanso zaka zomvetsa chisoni zija.

Nkhondo ya Ebro inali yovuta kwambiri komanso yamagazi kuposa zonse zomwe zamenyedwera panthaka yathu, ndipo za izo pali zolemba zambiri, malipoti ankhondo ndi maumboni ake.

Ndi zonsezi, kuphatikiza kukhwimitsa ndi kupangira, wolemba wowerengedwa kwambiri m'mabuku amasiku ano aku Spain wamanga, osati buku chabe lokhudza Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni, koma buku lowopsa la amuna ndi akazi pankhondo iliyonse: nkhani yachilungamo komanso yosangalatsa komwe amachira kukumbukira makolo ndi agogo athu, yomwe ndi mbiri yathu.

Con Mzere wa moto, Arturo Pérez-Reverte amapatsa owerenga chidwi chenicheni pakati pa iwo omwe, mwakufuna kwawo kapena mokakamiza, sanali kumbuyo, koma akumenya mbali zonse ziwiri pankhondo. Ku Spain mabuku ambiri abwino adalembedwa za mpikisanowu mosiyanasiyana, koma palibe ngati iyi. Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni sinayambe yauzidwa chonchi.

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Chitaliyana

Ndani adanena kuti Arturo Pérez Reverte anali wolemba nkhani zazikulu zongopeka? Chifukwa apa, kuwonjezera pa kutipatsa ife ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kusinthika kwa mbiriyakale kukhale kosangalatsa kwa zochitika zosamvetsetseka ndi zochitika, Pérez Reverte akutiitanira kuti tizikondana pakati pa kuphulika kwa mabomba ndi ziwonetsero zakuda ku Europe komwe kudali m'nsagwada zakuya za Nazism.

M'zaka za 1942 ndi 1943, pankhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, anthu olimbana ndi nkhondo aku Italiya adamiza kapena kuwononga zombo khumi ndi zinayi za Allied ku Gibraltar ndi Bay of Algeciras. M'bukuli, lolimbikitsidwa ndi zochitika zenizeni, anthu ena okha ndi zochitika zake ndizongoganiza.

Elena Arbués, wogulitsa zaka XNUMX, akukumana ndi m'modzi mwa anthuwa m'mawa wina akuyenda pagombe, adasowa pakati pamchenga ndi madzi. Mukamuthandiza, mtsikanayo amanyalanyaza kuti kutsimikiza mtima kumeneku kumasintha moyo wake ndikuti chikondi chidzangokhala gawo lowopsa.

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Revolution: Novel

Iyi ndi nkhani ya mwamuna, akazi atatu, chiwembu ndi chuma. Kusinthaku kunali kwa Mexico munthawi ya Emiliano Zapata ndi Francisco Villa. Chumacho chinali ndalama za golidi zikwi khumi ndi zisanu za mapeso makumi awiri a otchedwa maximilianos, omwe anabedwa ku banki ku Ciudad Juárez pa May 8, 1911. Dzina la mwamunayo anali Martín Garret Ortiz ndipo anali katswiri wa migodi wa ku Spain. Zonse zinayamba kwa iye tsiku lomwelo, pamene ali ku hotelo yake anamva kuwombera koyamba patali. Anatuluka kukawona zomwe zikuchitika ndipo kuyambira nthawi imeneyo moyo wake unasintha mpaka kalekale...

Revolution si nkhani yongonena za zochitika zazikulu zomwe zidagwedeza dziko la Mexico m'zaka zitatu zoyambirira zazaka za zana la XNUMX. Ndi nkhani ya kuyambika ndi kukhwima kupyolera mu chisokonezo, lucidity ndi chiwawa: kutulukira kodabwitsa kwa malamulo obisika omwe amatsimikizira chikondi, kukhulupirika, imfa ndi moyo.

Vuto lomaliza

Don Arturo Pérez Reverte ndi ngwazi yamakalata omwe amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi mbiri ya atolankhani, ndi nkhani yapaulendo yomwe imafunikira, ndi zopeka zamakedzana, ndikukayikakayika konse kapena mtundu wa noir paziwonetsero zawo zilizonse. . Pérez Reverte ndi katswiri wazolemba zonse komanso monga zikuwonetsedwera ndi batani latsopanoli lazitsulo lomwe limatha kuyenda pakati pa mabuku, kanema wawayilesi ndi zisudzo, ndi umbanda ngati sewero lomwe lingakhale ngati la Shakespearean chifukwa ndiloyenera sewero lamasewera lotetezedwa kwa anthu. kutsutsana..

“Zingatenge wapolisi,” anatero wina. Wapolisi.
"Tili ndi imodzi," adatero Foxá.
Onse anatsatira njira imene ankayang’ana.
“Ndizopusa,” ndinatsutsa. Kodi apenga?
- Munali Sherlock Holmes.
"Palibe amene anali Sherlock Holmes. Wapolisiyo sanakhaleko. Ndi zolemba zolembedwa.
-Kuti unabadwa m'njira yosiririka.
Koma zinali m'mafilimu. Zinalibe chochita ndi moyo weniweniwo. Ndine wosewera chabe.
Anandiyang'ana mwachiyembekezo, ndipo zoona zake n'zakuti ineyo ndinali nditayamba kukumana ndi vuto, ngati kuti magetsi anali atangoyatsidwa ndipo ndinamva phokoso lofewa la kamera. Ngakhale zinali choncho, ndinaganiza zokhala chete, ndikugwira zala m’chibwano changa. Sindinasangalale nazo izi kuyambira pomwe ndidawombera The Hound of Baskerville.

June 1960. Mphepo yamkuntho inachititsa kuti anthu XNUMX apitirize kukhala mu hotela yaing'ono yomwe ili patali pachilumba chokongola cha Utakos, ku Corfu. Palibe chomwe chikuwonetsa zomwe zatsala pang'ono kuchitika: Edith Mander, mlendo wachingelezi wanzeru, adapezeka atafa m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Zomwe zimawoneka ngati kudzipha zimawulula zomwe sizingawonekere kwa wina aliyense kupatula Hopalong Basil, wosewera yemwe adazimiririka yemwe adasewera wapolisi wodziwika bwino kwambiri pakompyuta.

Palibe wina wonga iye, wozolowera kugwiritsa ntchito luso lochepetsera la Sherlock Holmes ku kanema wa kanema, yemwe angatsegule zomwe zili zobisika m'chipinda chotsekeka chapamwambachi. Pachilumba chomwe palibe amene angachokeko komanso komwe palibe amene angafikeko, aliyense mosakayikira adzakayikira muvuto lochititsa chidwi lomwe mabuku apolisi amasakanikirana modabwitsa ndi moyo.

mafunso omwe amafunsidwa pafupipafupi okhudza arturo perez reverte