Kambiranani Javier Fences ndikupereka wolemba mbiri wina wokhoza kutembenuza umboni uliwonse womwe umabwera kukhala nkhani yabodza. Zimakhala zosangalatsa nthawi zonse kuti mitundu iyi ya ofotokozera imapeza maumboni atsopano oti afotokozere. Monga m'modzi mwamilandu yake yomaliza, Mfumu yamithunzi, yomwe ikufotokoza za moyo ndi ntchito ya Manuel Mena.
Ndipo n’kutheka kuti, kuchokera ku maumboni amene anatumizidwa m’mabuku ochuluka kwambiri ndi wolemba ameneyu, mbali yaikulu ya chowonadi ili patali ndi mkuluyo. Chowonadi chimapangidwa ndi zenizeni zazing'ono ndipo pamapeto pake zimatha kusinthidwa kapena kupotozedwa. Kutsikira ku konkire kumatha kubweretsa kuwala pakati pa chisokonezo ndi phokoso. Ndipo Javier Cercas wakale wabwino wadzipereka ku izi.
Mosaiŵala, ndithudi, kukoma kwa zochitika zongopeka zimene zimaziika pachimake pakati pa zenizeni ndi zopeka, kumene nthano zimapezedwa ndi kumene nthano zamitundumitundu zimabadwira. Kwa ine, mwa mabuku onse abwinowa, ndisunga atatu kuti ndifotokozere momwe ndimakhalira ...
Mabuku Otchuka Kwambiri a Javier Cercas
Asilikali a ku Salami
Mwina ntchito yodziwika kwambiri ya wolemba uyu. Ndipo ndichipambano chovomerezeka. Nkhondo ya Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni ku Spain idawonedwa ndi umodzi mwa umunthu. Munthu yemwe amaloza kwa munthu wina ndikukonzekera kuti athetse moyo wake ndi mphindi yakumapeto kwambiri yomwe silingayandikire nthawi zonse. Nkhondo ndi chinthu china ndipo ma melee ndi china.
Mwina kusiyana kuli pakuwoneka, pakuwoloka ndi omwe mungakodwe nawo ... Pamene m'miyezi yomaliza ya nkhondo yapachiweniweni ku Spain asitikali aku Republican abwerera kumalire aku France, panjira yopita ku ukapolo, wina amapanga chisankho chowombera gulu la akaidi achi Francoist.
Mmodzi mwa iwo ndi Rafael Sánchez Mazas, woyambitsa komanso wazamalingaliro wa Falange, mwina m'modzi mwa omwe amatsogolera mkangano wapabanja. Sánchez Mazas samangokhoza kuthawa kuphedwa kumeneku, koma, akamapita kukamufuna, msirikali wosadziwika amamuwombera ndi mfuti ndipo mphindi yomaliza amapulumutsa moyo wake. Asitikali a Salamina adatengeredwa ku cinema mufilimu yamutu womwewo.
Independencia
Maganizo akakula bwino kwa zaka zambiri, chotsatira chimakhala mphepo kwa “mtsogoleri” aliyense amene amamuika kuti azitsogolera gulu la nkhosa. Ena m'mbuyomu anali ndi chipiriro komanso chidwi chofuna kutengera udani ndikudzimva kuti ndiwosiyananso. momwe angatetezere machimo ake. "Atsogoleri" atsopanowa akuyenera kulimbikira, kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi pakadali pano kupita patsogolo kopanda ulemu.
Ndipo inde, nkhani yodzipatula ndi zotengera zake ndizoyenera kwa wina wonga ameneyo Javier Fences fufuzaninso dziko linalake la ndale lomwe linasandulika totem, ndi carte blanche yawo ndi akhungu awo okonda (justice version koma mosiyana). M'malo mwake, buku laupandu komanso zochulukirapo buku laupandu lochokera ku Catalan ngati la Vazquez Montalban o Gonzalez Ledesma zakhala zikufotokoza za kuvula mavuto ndikuwulula ziphuphu zomwe zidapitilira zenizeni.
Pa mwambowu, palibe wabwino kuposa Melchor MarĂn yemwe adapanga kale munthu wosaiwalika kuyambira pomwe adawonekera Dziko lapamwamba. Wopanga protagonist wopangidwa ku Cercas yemwe amaposa chiwembu chilichonse chatsopano ...
Momwe mungalimbane ndi iwo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mumithunzi? Momwe mungabwezerere kwa omwe adakuchitirani zoyipa zambiri? Melchor MarĂn abwerera. Ndipo abwerera ku Barcelona, ​​komwe akuti amafufuza mlandu wamagalasi: akupha mayor wa mzindawo ndi kanema wakugonana.
Ali wokhumudwa ndikudandaula kuti sanapeze opha amayi ake, komanso chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwake pachilungamo komanso kusakhazikika pamakhalidwe, Melchor akuyenera kuthana ndi kulanda komwe sikudziwika ngati kungopeza phindu lachuma kapena kusakhazikika pazandale, Ndipo kutero , amalowa m'magulu azamphamvu, malo omwe amakayikira, zikhumbo zopanda chilungamo komanso nkhanza zachinyengo.
Kunja uko, buku lokhazika mtima pansi komanso loopsa, lokhala ndi anthu ambiri osaiwalika, limakhala chithunzi chowopsa cha osankhika andale zachuma ku Barcelona, ​​koma koposa zonse pempho lokwiya motsutsana ndi nkhanza za eni ndalama ndi ambuye a ndalama. dziko.
Mfumu yamithunzi
Timatseka ntchitoyi ndi ntchitoyi yomwe ndidawunikiranso panthawiyo. Izi ndi zomwe zalembedwa posachedwa ndi wolemba uyu ndikubwerera kumutu wa Spain Civil War, mwa anthu omwe amakhala m'masiku ovuta amenewo.
M'ntchito yake Asilikari aku Salamina, Javier Cercas akuwonekeratu kuti kupitirira gulu lopambana, pamakhala otayika nthawi zonse mbali zonse ziwiri za mpikisano. Pankhondo Yapachiweniweni pakhoza kukhala chododometsa cha kutayika kwa abale awo omwe ali m'malo omwe akutsutsana omwe amavomereza mbendera ngati yotsutsana mwankhanza.
Chifukwa chake, kutsimikiza kwa opambana kwambiri, omwe amatha kunyamula mbendera motsutsana ndi chilichonse ndi aliyense, omwe amakweza zikhalidwe zamakhalidwe abwino zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa anthu ngati nkhani zazikuluzikulu zimatha kubisala masautso amunthu komanso amakhalidwe abwino. Manuel Mena ndiye woyambitsa m'malo mwa protagonist wa bukuli, ulalo ndi omwe adatsogolera, Asilikali a Salamina.
Mumayamba kuwerenga mukuganiza zopezeka m'mbiri yake, koma tsatanetsatane wa maluso a mnyamatayo, wokhwimitsa kwambiri zomwe zidachitika kutsogolo, amazimiririka mpaka kumalo oyimba komwe kusamvetsetsa ndi kupweteka kumafalikira, kuvutika kwa iwo omwe amamvetsetsa mbendera ndi dziko ngati khungu ndi magazi a achichepere, pafupifupi ana omwe amawomberana wina ndi mzake ndiukali wazabwino.
Mabuku ena ovomerezeka a Javier Cercas…
Dziko lapamwamba
Gwiritsani kusintha kwa mbiri ya Javier Fences kuti tinazolowera kwambiri zopeka zomwe sizinachitike komanso zolembedwa zokongoletsedwa ndimanenedwe ovomerezeka am'mabuku omwe amapanga zojambula zowoneka bwino kwambiri.
Mosakayikira izi buku Terra Alta, wopatsidwa ndi Mphotho ya Planet 2019, Zikuwoneka kuti kuyenda kwachilengedwe kukuyenda kwa wolemba waku Catalan. Chigawo chake chachikulu cha buku lokayika, chimakhala njira yatsopano yachilengedwe, yotsegulidwa kuchokera kumitsinje yatsopano yopanga. Chifukwa kuthekera kwa Javier Cercas kuti abweretse zovuta muzolemba zake zonse zomwe zimadutsa mbali zonse zenizeni komanso zopeka, zamupanga kukhala m'modzi mwa olemba masiku ano.
Amuna awiri amalonda komanso anzawo akuwoneka kuti aphedwa pamalo owonekera bwino monga Tarragona Highlands, Melchor MarĂn amadzipereka kuti athetse mlanduwo ngati wapolisi.
Kupatula kuti zomwe zapezedwa kuzunzidwa ndi kuphedwa kwa eni ake a Gráficas Adell, zimadzutsa mwa iye nthabwala zakale za nthawi zina. Imfa za amalonda sizikutanthauza mikangano yazachuma yomwe ingachitike koma zina zomwe zimawopsa ngati zingatheke.
Pamtendere wamtawuni yakutali komwe Melchior adatha kudzimanganso, adatha kuyika masautso akale, kufikira lero. Pogwirizana ndi zolembedwa zapadziko lonse lapansi monga bukuli Osauka, Melchor Mauri amakumana ndimavuto onunkhira pakati pazopezeka komanso zachikondi, zomwe zimawonetsera munthu pamavuto, mizukwa ndi mantha.
Koma moyo wake watsopano uyenera kumenyera iye popanda kotala. Ngakhale mkazi wake, ngakhale mwana wake wamkazi Cosette sayenera kudziwa zina mwa zakale zomwe adafunitsitsa kuti atulutsidwe pano. Kungoyambira pomwe kusintha kwaumbanda kudadabwitsa dera lonselo.
Pamene Melchor amasaka akuphawo, akuyenera kupanga pulani yake kuti apulumuke masiku ake amdima. Ndipo mwina pamapeto pake adzayankha mlandu ndi zakale, monga Jean Valjean. Komanso ndi protagonist wa buku lake momwe moyo udamuwonetsa kuti alibe chilungamo komanso amadziimba mlandu. Ndipo iyenso adzafunafuna koposa zonse kuti apulumuke ndikuteteza zazing'ono koma zofunikira zomwe wakwanitsa kuzipanga bwino m'moyo wake.
Kapangidwe kamphindi
Mwinanso ndichilungamo kuti buku linalembedwa lonena za Spain kuyimitsidwa panthawi yomwe February 23, 1981 momwe asitikali adayesa kumenya nkhondo. Limenelo linali lingaliro la Javier Cercas, zopeka potengera zomwe zidapangitsa kuti ayesere kulanda boma, koma pamapeto pake adasankha zolemba zolembedwa bwino kwambiri.
Chifukwa chake, kuyambira mphindi yomwe imabweretsa manja olimba mtima atatu, a Adolfo Suárez, a Gutiérrez Mellado ndi a Santiago Carrillo, omwe anali pakati pa zipolopolo zomwe owabera a congress adachita adadziponya okha patsiku loukira boma de M'chigawo ichi, Cercas akuphatikiza nkhani yodabwitsa, kugwiritsa ntchito nthawiyo ngati pobowolera momwe nyengo ndi dziko zingaganiziridwe.
Pokhala ndi chidziwitso chokwanira cha zolembedwazo komanso lamulo labwino la zida ndi zofotokozera, amatha kulemba m'buku losangalatsa, mbiri yabwino kwambiri yamasiku otsimikiza, kukwaniritsa izi powunikiranso zochitika za tsikulo ndi zomwe zidapangitsa kwa iye, owerenga amizidwa mu nthawi, malo ndi zina. Mosakayikira tili patsogolo pa ntchito yofunikira pakusintha kwa Spain.
