Pali maloya amene amatembenukira ku zopeka mabuku ngati John Grisham ndi maloya ena monga Philippe Sands zomwe zimawonetsa zenizeni kuchokera ku kudzipereka komwe kuli m'mabuku ndi mabuku ena osapeka. Ntchito zophatikizika ndi zolembedwa zongopeka komanso mbiri yakale ya chowonadi china chomwe chimangodziwikiratu chokha, pamadzi potengera zomwe zimadziwika bwino.
Chifukwa mu machitidwe ovala zovala za Mchenga chatha kuyandikira ndale zapadziko lonse zonyansa kwambiri. Ngakhalenso nthawi yomwe kulemba china chake sikuchepa ndipo ndikofunikira kuti nkhaniyo ikhale pafupi ndi zenizeni yomwe imachita chilungamo podziwa zambiri zosadziwika kwa nzika wamba.
Ndizoseketsa zomwe ndakumbukira posachedwa Ben Pastor ndipo lero ndi Sands yemwe amabwera kubulogu iyi, koma ma synergies ammutu ali choncho, chinthu chimodzi chimakukumbutsani china. Ngati ndi Ben Pastor timalowa mu Third Reich kuchokera ku nthano zokopa, ndi Sands timayendayenda m'maofesi a malo okwezeka a Nazi Germany ku malo ena aliwonse opangira zisankho padziko lapansi. Chifukwa kunali ndipo kulipo kuti mabodza opembedza kwambiri omwe amasuntha dziko lapansi amayesedwa, kulinganizidwa ndikugulitsidwa.
Mabuku ovomerezeka kwambiri a Philippe Sands
Njira yopulumukira
Moyo wachiphamaso uliwonse ndi wamisala kutsogolera. Chifukwa bipolarity imawoneka yoyipa kwambiri kuposa matenda osavuta amisala. Ndinu ndani mwamuna kapena mkazi wosakhulupirika kapena banja lachitsanzo chabwino? Kodi khungu lanu ndi la munthu wabwino kapena la wakupha wamba? Komanso sindikuwuzani momwe ziyenera kukhalira, mumakokera mapazi anu pamphasa kuti mulowe m'chipinda chilichonse mukudikirira phulusa la fascism yanu kumamatira pachiguduli chaching'onocho pansi pa mapazi anu ...
Mu July 1949, mwamuna wina amene anali ndi matenda aakulu a chiwindi anagonekedwa m’chipatala ku Rome. Idabweretsedwa kumeneko ndi amonke ndipo idalembetsedwa pansi pa dzina la Reinhardt, lomwe likuwoneka kuti ndi labodza. Iye anachezeredwa ndi bishopu, dokotala ndi dona wa ku Prussia. Wodwalayo amatha kufa ndipo mayi wa Prussia amatumiza kalata ku banja. Dzina lenileni la wodwala wodabwitsayu ndi Otto Wächter, ndipo kalata yochokera kwa mayi wa ku Prussia idzafika kwa mkazi wake, Charlotte, ndiyeno idzaperekedwa kwa ana awo. Ndi wamng'ono kwambiri mwa iwo, Horst, yemwe Philippe Sands amamupeza, ndipo pamene amamuyendera m'nyumba yachifumu yomwe amakhala pafupi kwambiri, amamuuza kuti "si zoona kuti abambo anga anamwalira ndi matenda."
Nanga chowonadi ndi chiyani? Ndipo koposa zonse: Reinhardt wabodza anali ndani kwenikweni Otto Wächter? Ndi njira yofunsira yofanana ndi yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito m'buku lake lapitalo, adayamikiridwa kwambiri East-West Street, Sands akukonzanso moyo wa munthu amene adaphunzira zamalamulo ku Vienna, adachoka mumzindawu kupita ku Berlin, kubwereranso ngati mtsogoleri wa Nazi, ndikuchotsa aphunzitsi achiyuda omwe adakhala nawo kuyunivesite pantchito zawo. Pambuyo pake anatumizidwa ku Krakow, ndipo kumeneko siginecha yake inadinda pa zikalata zimene zinaphetsa zikwi za anthu, makamaka Ayuda. Ndipo n’cifukwa ciani zinakafika ku Roma? Anali komweko akupita ku South America, akuthawa incognito, wotetezedwa ndi membala wina wa Vatican ...
Ndi kukhudzidwa kofotokozera kwa buku la akazitape othamanga kwambiri, Sands amafufuza zomwe zimapangitsa munthu kuchita zinthu zonyansa ndikukonzanso zakale zovuta za ku Europe komanso mbiri ya banja lodziwika ndi machimo a abambo ... ndi buku lofunika.
East-West Street
Kum'mawa chakumadzulo kwa mzinda wa Berlin sikungoyang'ana malo. M'malo mwake kulekanitsa komwe kumatanthauzidwa modabwitsa pamalo pomwe kum'mawa kumayambira kapena komwe kumadzulo kumayambira kumatsimikizira gawo loyipa kwambiri m'mbiri yonse ya Europe ...
Mwina osati mochulukira kuchokera ku chizindikiro cha mfundo zazikuluzikuluzi makamaka ku Berlin, koma kuchokera pachizindikiro nkhani yopulumutsidwayi imabadwa ngati intrahistory yodabwitsa yomwe sikhala yowona komanso yosokoneza.
Ulusi awiri amalukidwa m'masamba a buku lapaderali: kumbali imodzi, kupulumutsidwa kwa nkhani ya agogo aakazi a wolemba kuchokera paulendo wake wokakamba nkhani mumzinda wa Lviv, womwe unali wa Chipolishi ndipo panopa uli ku Ukraine. Kumbali ina, zochitika za maloya aŵiri achiyuda ndi wozengedwa mlandu wa ku Germany pamlandu wa Nuremberg, amene moyo wake unafikanso mu mzinda umene unalandidwa ndi chipani cha Nazi. Ayuda awiriwa adaphunzira kumeneko ndikupulumutsa miyoyo yawo chifukwa adasamuka pa nthawi yake - wina ku England, wina ku United States - ndipo wozengedwa mlandu - yemwenso ndi loya wanzeru komanso mlangizi wazamalamulo wa Hitler - anali kazembe pa nthawi ya kulanda.
Chifukwa chake, kutengera kulumikizana kosawoneka bwino pakati pa zilembo zinayi izi - agogo, maloya awiri achiyuda omwe adachita nawo ku Nuremberg, wina ndi gulu lazamalamulo la Britain ndipo wina ndi waku America, ndi chipani cha Nazi, munthu wachikhalidwe yemwe adamaliza kuchita zankhanza- , zakale zikutuluka, Shoah, Mbiri ndi zilembo zazikulu ndi nkhani zazing'ono zapamtima. Ndipo poyang'anizana ndi mantha amadzuka ludzu la chilungamo - kulimbana kwa maloya awiriwa kuti adziwitse mu mlanduwo lingaliro la "milandu yotsutsana ndi anthu" - ndi kufuna kumvetsetsa zomwe zinachitika, zomwe zimatsogolera wolembayo kukumana ndi mwana wa chigawenga cha Nazi.
Chotulukapo chake: buku limene limasonyeza kuti si zonse zimene zinanenedwa ponena za Nkhondo Yadziko II ndi kuphana kwa mafuko; buku lomwe nthawi yomweyo lili lolemba lokongola lokhala ndi ofufuza komanso okonda milandu, mbiri yodziwika bwino yokhudza kuphedwa kwa Nazi komanso malingaliro a amuna omwe amamenyera dziko labwino komanso kusinkhasinkha zankhanza, kudziimba mlandu komanso chikhumbo cha chilungamo. Sizingakhale zomveka kugwiritsa ntchito ziyeneretso zofunika pa ntchito.
Makoloni otsiriza
Colonization imalumikizidwa ndi zilakolako zosayembekezereka. Ndipo njira za maufumu osiyanasiyana kapena mayiko alibe chochita ndi kulamulira. Kuyambira kuphatikizika kwa Aroma kapena Spanish kuwongolera kulanda Britain kulikonse komwe amapita. Pa nthawiyi, kupitirira nthano zachikuda zomwe zimafalitsidwa mokhudzidwa ndi zochitika zina zautsamunda, wolemba Chingeleziyu akuwulula za bingu za chochitika cha kupatukana kwathunthu kwa anthu okhala kudera lakutali lophatikizidwa mu ufumu wa mfumukazi ...
Pa April 27, 1973, Liseby Elysé, yemwe panthaŵiyo anali ndi zaka 1965 ndi ali ndi pakati pa miyezi inayi, anakwera sitimayo kuchoka pachilumba chaching’ono cha Peros Banhos, ku Chagos Archipelago, m’nyanja ya Indian Ocean. Anthu ena onse a m’derali ankayenda naye limodzi, omwe ankasamukira pachilumba cha Mauritius. Njira ina inali kukhala ndi njala. Kufotokozera za kusamuka kokakamizika kumeneku kwagona pa Nkhondo Yozizira. Pazifukwa zomveka, m'zaka za m'ma sikisite aku America adaganiza zokhazikitsa gulu lankhondo pachilumbachi, makamaka pachilumba cha Diego GarcÃa, ndipo sanafune kuti anthu azilumba zapafupi. Anthu a ku Britain anali atapereka malowa, chifukwa anali atsamunda awo ndipo mu XNUMX adawalekanitsa ndi Mauritius ndikusandutsa malo otchedwa British Indian Ocean Territory.
Chifukwa chake, pomwe Mauritius idadziyimira pawokha mu 1968, idachita popanda zisumbuzo, kenako idayamba kuzemba milandu kukhothi kuti ibweze. Mu 2018 mlanduwu unafika ku Khoti Lapadziko Lonse ku The Hague. Philippe Sands anali nawo pamlanduwo ngati loya wa wotsutsa, ndipo umboni wa nyenyezi womwe adapereka unali wa Liseby Elysé, yemwe adauza khoti za tsoka lake.
Iyi ndi nkhani yodziwika pang'ono yomwe bukhu lalikululi likunena za koloni yomaliza. Buku lofotokoza zamanyazi akale komanso anthu amtundu womwe adachotsedwa kwawo ndikuthamangitsidwa kumalo ena chifukwa cha geostrategy. Buku lonena za utsamunda ndi mbiri yake, komanso nkhani zing'onozing'ono zomwe zimabisala m'malembo akuluakulu. Pambuyo pa ntchito zake ziwiri zofunika pa Nazism - East-West Street ndi Escape Route -, Philippe Sands amatipatsa chidutswa china cha anthological, chomwe chimasakaniza bwino nkhani, nkhani, mbiri yakale komanso masoka amunthu.
