Kulankhulana ndi mphatso. Chilankhulo ndicho chida. wolemba French roland barthes Iye anafufuza mu kuya kwa chinenero kufunafuna tanthauzo lenileni la mneni, nauni, adjective... ya mitundu yonse ya mawu ndi magulu a zinenero. Koma adakhazikitsanso masomphenya ake a panlinguistic pamawu omwe chilankhulo chimabadwira (intonation kapena voliyumu) ​​kapena chizindikiro chomwe timapanganso chilankhulo komanso, kulumikizana.
Mfundo yake ndi kupanga pangano koma ndi mzimu wachidziwitso umene umatipangitsa kumva kuti, monga momwe sizikanakhala mwanjira ina, nkhani ya chinenero ndi kulankhulana imatikhudza tonsefe. Tikumbukire kuti za mphatso ndi chida chomwe positiyi idayamba ... Ngati muli ndi zida ndikudziwa kufunika kwake, kulumikizana kumakhala mphatso yopangidwa kukhala chida chomwe mungatsimikizire, kukopa kapena kufalitsa ngati echo kulikonse komwe malingaliro amatanthauzira zomwe. kapena kulembedwa ngati nyimbo pazifukwa.
Chifukwa chake Roland Barthes ndi mtundu wa filosofi metalinguistic yomwe imatifikitsa ku nzeru zapadera zomwe tingathe kutanthauzira ma etymology pamene tikupeza chiyanjano chapadera ku mawu onsewa chinafika ngati kuti chinachokera kumanja. Pakuti pamaso pa mawu palibe kanthu. Ndipo kunong'ona koyamba kukadzuka titha kutembenuzanso zenizeni kwa aliyense amene amatimvera. Chifukwa mawu athu amasintha zenizeni zenizeni zomwe kwenikweni ndi momwe timauzidwa kumlingo wokulirapo kuposa zomwe zingakhale kapena ayi.
Mabuku 3 apamwamba omwe amalimbikitsidwa ndi Roland Barthes
Kunong’ona kwa chinenero: Kupitirira mawu ndi kulemba
Liwu lamkati limasonyeza sitepe yopita ku chifuniro. Kunong'ona kwamkati, monga mphekesera zosamveka, kumakhala pakati pa chidwi chathu cholankhulana ndi kuthekera kwathu kutero. Chilichonse chimabadwira mukunong'ona kumeneko. Kuchokera pa zomwe wolemba amakumana nazo akatsala pang'ono kuyamba mutu watsopano wa bukhu lake mpaka womwe umatulutsa wolamulira wankhanza kwambiri adapanga phokoso, chisokonezo komanso mantha.
Kunong'ona kumatanthauza phokoso la malire, phokoso losatheka, phokoso la chiyani, chifukwa limagwira ntchito bwino, silimatulutsa phokoso; Kunong'ona ndiko kulola kuti phokoso limveke: kukomoka, kusokoneza, kunjenjemera kumalandiridwa ngati zizindikiro za kuchotsedwa kwa mawu. Ndipo lilime likhoza kunong’ona? Monga liwu likuwoneka kuti likutsutsidwa kuti gibberish; monga kulemba, kukhala chete ndi kusiyana kwa zizindikiro: mulimonse, nthawi zonse amapereka tanthauzo lochuluka kuti chinenero chikwaniritse chisangalalo chomwe chikanakhala chofanana ndi phunziro lake. Koma zosatheka si zosatheka: kunong'ona kwa chinenero kumapanga utopia.
Utopia wamtundu wanji? Izo za nyimbo za tanthauzo. Chilankhulo, chonong'oneza, choperekedwa kwa wozindikiritsa m'gulu lomwe silinachitikepo, losadziwika ndi nkhani zathu zomveka, sizikanatha kusiya tanthauzo la tanthauzo: tanthauzo, losagawanika, losalowetsedwa, losadziwika, komabe, likanayikidwa patali, monga. chibwibwi ... malo osowa a chisangalalo. Ndiko kusangalatsa kwatanthauzo komwe ndimafunsa pomvetsera kunong'ona kwa chilankhulo, cha chilankhulo chimenecho, kwa ine, munthu wamakono, Chilengedwe changa.
Zodziwikiratu ndi zosamveka: Zithunzi, manja ndi mawu
Kumvetsetsa chilankhulo kumapanga chilengedwe chonse cha kutanthauzira, kusamvetsetsana ndi zina zomwe zimathawa wotumiza uthenga. Chodabwitsa komanso chodabwitsa, kuchepetsedwa uku ndi kuchuluka kwa chilankhulo chomwe chiyenera kuthandizidwa, malinga ndi wolemba, kuchokera pamalingaliro amikhalidwe yathu kapena, tiyeni tinene, zomwe zimayambira pakuwerenga pakati pa mizere yomwe munthu angatsutse. mpaka kukhala wopanda nzeru pamene kutsekeka kapena tanthauzo lachibwibwi likusokoneza.
Mukuyesera kulikonse pa kufotokoza tikhoza kusiyanitsa magawo atatu: mlingo wa kulankhulana, wa tanthawuzo, umene nthawizonse umakhalabe pa mlingo wophiphiritsira, pa mlingo wa zizindikiro, ndi mlingo umene Roland Barthes amatcha kufunikira.
Koma m'lingaliro lophiphiritsira, lomwe limakhalabe pamlingo wa zizindikiro, lingasiyanitsidwe mbali ziwiri zotsutsana: choyamba ndi mwadala (sichinthu chochepa kapena chocheperapo kuposa chimene wolemba ankafuna kunena), ngati kuti achotsedwa mu lexicon. mwachidule zizindikiro; ndi tanthauzo lomveka bwino komanso lovomerezeka lomwe silifuna kumasulira kwamtundu uliwonse, ndizomwe zili pamaso pa maso, tanthauzo lodziwika bwino.
Koma pali tanthauzo lina, lowonjezedwalo, limene limakhala ngati mtundu wowonjezera umene luntha silimatha kuliloŵetsa, louma khosi, losamveka, louma khosi, loterera. Barthes akufuna kuti azitcha malingaliro opusa.
Kusiyana pa kulemba
Kwenikweni mutu wa nkhani yomwe Roland Barthes adalemba mu 1973, Kusiyana pa kulemba, imaperekedwa ngati kuphatikizika kwa zolemba ndi wolemba wake zomwe zimaphimba zochitika zomwe zikufunsidwa kuchokera kumbali zonse: mitu monga galamala ndi zilankhulo, ndithudi, komanso olemba monga Benveniste, Jakobson kapena Laporte, amapanga chithunzithunzi cha chiphunzitso chomwe Pali komanso malo olemberapo malingaliro a Barthes pankhaniyi kapenanso ndemanga zachilendo monga zomwe zidaperekedwa ku dikishonale ya Hachette.
Malinga ndi malingaliro ake ngati katswiri wamaphunziro azamazamalamulo, Barthes amawona kulemba ngati njira yomwe timagwiritsa ntchito kusokoneza komanso kukonza zilankhulo zomveka bwino, zothawathawa nthawi zonse. M'malo mwake, kwa iye kulemba kwambiri kuposa, ndipo, titero kunena, mwalamulo, osati chinenero chapakamwa, komanso chinenero chokha, ngati tidzitsekera, monga momwe akatswiri a zinenero amafunira, mu ntchito yoyera yolankhulana. Kusinkhasinkha komwe kwakhazikitsidwa pano ndi, monga nthawi zonse kwa Barthes, kukhala wolimba mtima monga kuphwanya malamulo, popeza pamapeto pake amatembenuza zolemba zake kukhala chinthu chopanga kupitilira kusanthula kwamaphunziro.
