Monga mwana wamwamuna aliyense woyandikana naye, m'zaka za zana la makumi awiri ndikumasulidwa ndi maulamuliro ochokera ku Central America kupita ku Tierra de Fuego, wolemba ku Guatemala Miguel Angel Asturias, adadzaza zolemba zake ndi nthano zomwe zimafotokoza zamtsogolo mtawuniyi. Osati ngati chinthu chodziwikiratu chomwe olamulira mwankhanza abwinobwino amakoka kuti agwirizanitse malingaliro, zinali choncho mwatsatanetsatane, gawo lonse, chitsanzo ndi fanizo kuti tipeze kukula kwa magawano oterewa.
Koma osati kuchokera pakutsutsidwa pagulu pomwe wolemba nkhani wabwino amakhala. Kupitilira pazomwe zidathetsa mavuto azachuma, Miguel Ángel Asturias adatinso ma avant-gardes odabwitsa munthawi yake monga surrealism pomwe zonse zimatheka. Chifukwa chake, malingaliro osangalatsa amabwera pazantchito zake kuti athetse kupatsa ndi chitsimikizo chokwanira kukhalanso komwe kudagwedezeka ndi lingaliro longa loto lalingaliro lomwe chenicheni chimapereka.
Mosakayikira chizindikiro cha kulembedwa kwa Latin America kwa owerenga pambuyo pake. Olemba adadutsa zaka za m'ma XNUMX ndi XNUMX monga Sergio Ramirez o Vargas Llosa kuti atha kukhala olimbikitsidwa ndi iye kuti apitilize cholowa cha nkhaniyo tsidya lina la Atlantic yomwe idafika ndikulimba mtima kwa America pakusintha kwachikhalidwe koyamba ngati mota komanso chikhalidwe ngati mawu.
Mabuku atatu apamwamba operekedwa ndi Miguel Ángel Asturias
Bambo Purezidenti
Pansi pa mthunzi woipa wa ulamuliro wankhanza anthu omwe adasiyana ndi malo okhala zikumbumtima zawo. Chinyengo chimakhala chofanana nthawi zonse, kukhazikitsidwa kwa mantha komanso nthano za mtsogoleri wapano. Kuyesayesa kubisalira nthawi zonse kumasangalatsa mopanda chifundo. Chikhalidwe chokha ndicho chimatha kupezanso chidwi chomwechi, kuyatsa kusintha.
Idalembedwa pakati pa 1920 ndi 1933 ndikufalitsidwa mu 1946, Bambo Purezidenti ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zotsutsa zomwe zimatchedwa «buku la wolamulira mwankhanza» momwe ntchito zina zofunika monga Ine Wam'mwambamwamba, kuchokera ku Roa Bastos, Wankhanza Banderas, de Chiphalapala, Kutha kwa kholo lakale, de Gabriel García Márquez, kapena posachedwapa, Phwando la mbuzi, Wolemba Mario Vargas Llosa tikakhala ndi chidziwitso. Mmenemo, Asturias adalimbikitsidwa ndi boma lomaliza la Manuel Estrada Cabrera, ku Guatemala, kuti afufuze njira zomwe zimapangitsa kuti olamulira mwankhanza azigwira ntchito, komanso momwe zimakhudzira anthu.
Kutchulidwa kuchokera pamalingaliro osiyanasiyana omwe amapanga mawonekedwe a Purezidenti, bukuli ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino kwambiri za Boom Latin American ndi zamatsenga, zomwe zimatulutsa García Márquez.
Kudzudzula kwake kupanda chilungamo ndi nkhanza kunapangitsa kuti aunikidwe ndikuletsedwa kwa zaka khumi ndi zitatu, pomwe, mosiyana, kulemera kwake kolemba ndi kuyambitsa kwake kolemba kunapangitsa kuti ikhale imodzi mwamabuku omwe adakhudza mibadwo yonse ya olemba ochokera ku Latin America . Kusinthidwa kukhala makanema ndi zisudzo, ndikumasuliridwa muzilankhulo zazikulu, bukuli lidalandiridwa bwino kwambiri panthawi yomwe idasindikizidwa ndi otsutsa komanso owerenga mofananamo.
Amuna achimanga
Mphamvu yakulamulira chikumbumtima sichimangogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi olamulira mwankhanza. Lero tili ndi zitsanzo zabwino za momwe misala ingawongoleredwere mwa njira ya sibylline, pansi pa mawu osangalatsa ndi zabwino zomwe zimasungunuka pochita ngati placebo yomwe ingatitsimikizire kuti palibe choyipa ... Pali zovuta zina malinga ndi mafomu omwe tapatsidwa ...
Men of Corn amapanga chiwonetsero chazovuta zakusokonekera kwa capitalism ndi makampani akuluakulu apadziko lonse lapansi pazikhalidwe, zikhulupiriro zamakolo, kudzisandutsa anthu komanso kusatetezeka kwa anthu wamba aku Guatemala.
Kukumbukiridwa kosadziwika kwa makolo, chifukwa cha ntchito yake, kudaphatikizidwa muzochita zaluso ndikupereka gawo la otsogolera zopeka kwa omwe sanatengeredwe m'mbiri. Nkhani zakale za Quiché zimafotokoza kuti, kumayambiriro kwa dziko lapansi, milunguyo idalephera kangapo pakufuna kwawo munthu, mpaka itapeza chinthu choyenera kupanga cholengedwa chomaliza: chimanga.
Kuchokera pamutu pawokha, ntchitoyi yalengeza kuti ndi yolumikizana ndi Amwenye aku Guatemala, koma amuna achimanga omwe amakhala m'masamba ake ndi mbadwa za omwe adapulumuka pa Conquest, adakumana ndi masoka osiyanasiyana m'mbiri ya Guatemala, ndipo adafika nthawi yomwe Asturias adawabwezeretsanso m'zaka zoyambirira za m'ma XNUMX.
Nthano za Guatemala
Mwinamwake mfundo yopeka yopangidwa ndi idiosyncrasy imatifikitsa ife pafupi ndi munthu atavistic, wogonjetsedwa ndi malingaliro mpaka pa makhalidwe abwino. Koma nthawi zina kuyesayesa kothetsa ma totems achikhalidwe awa kumawonedwa ngati kufuna koyipa kwambiri komanso kolinganizidwa bwino kwambiri kuzinthu zanjiru komanso zazikulu.
Chidwi cha Miguel Ángel Asturias (1899-1974) m'miyambo yodziwika bwino yaku Central America ngati nkhani yophunzira ndikufufuza imapeza zolemba zake ku "Leyendas de Guatemala" (1930), mbiri yazinthu zosangalatsa zomwe nthano zopeka za anthu a Mayan-Quiché aphatikizana ndi miyambo yakale ya atsamunda ku Guatemala komanso mizinda yakomweko ya Tikal ndi Copán iphatikizana ndi Santiago ndi Antigua, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndi Spain. Nkhondo yapakati pa mizimu yapadziko lapansi ndi mizimu yaumulungu imanenedwa ndi chiwonetsero chodzaza ndi chisangalalo cha 1967 Mphoto ya Zolemba, yodzala ndi zithunzi zowoneka bwino.
Nthano za ku Guatemala zimapanga dziko la mavumbulutso, nthano wamba, chowonadi chenicheni. Ntchito yowerengedwa mokweza, mzimu wake wotseguka umatipangitsa kuzindikira kumveka kwandakatulo kwa nyimbo zabwino zomwe ndime zake zimapereka, momwe zimapatsa owerenga chidziwitso chokwanira cha miyambo ndi nthano za America isanachitike ku Spain, atsamunda komanso amakono. Ponseponse, kukangana kwa nthano kumadzutsa mkangano wachikhalidwe womwe umakhudza munthu waku America yemwe akumenya nkhondo mosalekeza ndi mphamvu zachilengedwe ndi zikhulupiriro zomwe iyemwini amapanga kuti amasulire tanthauzo la tsogolo.
