Ku Ginzburg timapeza mtengo wothawirako wa nkhani yamakono pamtunda wa Noam Chomsky. Zokhazo ku Ginzburg timasangalala ndi wofotokozera yemwe ali ndi zolinga zambiri. Ndi mbiri yakale yosatsutsika, Ginzburg imatipatsa chithunzithunzi cha chisinthiko cha anthu kuchokera ku masomphenya osavuta omwe ali ogwirizana monga momwe amalemeretsa.
Chilichonse chomwe chimamveka cha intrahistorical chimalozera ku nthano zambiri kuposa zenizeni. Chifukwa si zolemba zonse za boma zomwe zidapulumutsidwa ndi Ginzburg. Koma ndendende mukukongoletsedwa ndi mfundo yongopeka, yomwe nthawi zonse imasiyidwa bwino ndi nkhani ya nthawi iliyonse, timasangalala ndi masomphenya okulirapo kuposa zolemba zomwe zimayikidwa zakuda pa zoyera chifukwa Mulungu amadziwa zomwe amakonda.
Mbiri nthawi zambiri imakhala nkhani ya chikhulupiriro. Mabuku a Ginzburg amangokhala nkhani yachifundo, chifundo chokhala ndi zotsimikizika kwathunthu. Chifukwa chakuti zochitika zazikulu zonse kaŵirikaŵiri zimakhala zomasiya zing’onozing’ono zomwe zimaphimba chirichonse kupangitsa kuti masiku akale afupikitse zenizeni zenizeni zimene tingamvetse bwinoko molingana ndi choonadi.
Mabuku 3 apamwamba kwambiri a Carlo Ginzburg
cheese ndi Worms
Ngakhale Ndipo komabe izo zimayenda Galileo Galilei anali ndi otsogolera ake. Kuyang'anizana ndi Bwalo la Inquisition sikunali chakudya chokoma kwa aliyense amene ankadziwa kukonda moto wamoto, kupachikidwa ndi zosangalatsa zina za sadists osatha. Mfundo yake n’njakuti m’bukuli timapezapo wina wa anthu amene anakhalapo nthawi yake isanakwane, ngakhalenso amene anakhalapo m’tsogolo. Nkhani yodabwitsa monga yosangalatsa...
Kumpoto kwa Italy, kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX. Ofesi Yoyera imaimba mlandu wogaya, Domenico Scandella, yemwe aliyense amamutcha Menocchio, chifukwa champatuko. Wotsutsayo akunena kuti dziko lapansi lidayamba "chipwirikiti" chomwe "chinthu chinatuluka, monga tchizi amapangidwa ndi mkaka, ndipo mkati mwake munapangidwa mphutsi, ndipo awa anali angelo." M'machitidwe awiri a inquisitorial, cosmogony yachilendo ya woimbidwa mlandu imatsutsana ndi anthu omwe amamufunsa mafunso.
Kuyambira pakuwunika kwa zikhulupiriro za Menocchio ―pomaliza adapezeka wolakwa ndikuweruzidwa kuti awotchedwe pamtengo - komanso zolemba zamaweruzo za mlanduwu, Carlo Ginzburg akukonzanso m'gulu lamakonoli chidutswa cha zomwe zimatchedwa "chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino" ―otsutsidwa ngati , kukusalidwa ― komwe kumayimira, chifukwa cha kukhala kwake amodzi, monga chizindikiro cha nthawi yake komanso ngati cholumikizira chosowa m'dziko lamdima, lomwe silingafanane ndi pano, koma lomwe tili ndi ngongole.
Ulusi ndi zotsatira. Zoona, zabodza, zopeka
Chowonadi chikhoza kukhala kaphatikizidwe. Ndipo njira yopezera kuti alchemy ya chowonadi imatha kubwera kuchokera ku crucible komwe chilichonse chamunthu chimatayidwa. Chotsatira chake ndi njira yosangalatsa ya zikoka pakati pa nthano, zachinsinsi, zasayansi, zomveka komanso zopanda nzeru. Zowona ndi zopeka, subjectivism odzipereka ku chidzalo cha cholinga. Loto la chifukwa limatulutsa zilombo. Koma muyenera kukhala nawo ngati mukufuna zotsimikizika ...
Kuti mufufuze maubwenzi angapo pakati pa chowonadi cha mbiri yakale, zabodza ndi zopeka, Carlo Ginzburg akuwunika mitu yosiyana kwambiri: Ayuda ochokera ku Menorca ndi odya anthu aku Brazil, asing'anga ndi ogulitsa zakale, zachikondi zakale, Protocols of the Elders of Zion, kujambula ndi imfa Voltaire, Sungani, Flaubert, Auerbach, Kracauer, Montaigne. Potsutsana ndi chizoloŵezi cha kukayikira kwamasiku ano kusokoneza malire pakati pa nkhani zopeka ndi mbiri yakale, wolembayo amayandikira ubalewu ngati mkangano pa kuyimira zenizeni, mkangano wopangidwa ndi zovuta, kubwezera ngongole, ndi kusakanizidwa.
Maso aakulu amatabwa: Maonekedwe asanu ndi anayi patali
Potsutsana bwino ndi ethnocentrism yochititsa khungu kwambiri. Chitonthozo cha umunthu ndikuzindikirika kwa munthu ngati chinthu chosagonjetseka. Dziko lapansi linasinthidwa kukhala fuko ndi mizere ya dziko lawo. Ngakhale kudalirana kwa mayiko, chidwi cha reductio ad absurdum chikuwoneka chikukula. Ulendo ndi chidziŵitso cha malo ena sizingatipangitse kukhala abwinoko koma zingatipangitse kukhala anzeru, osati mochulukira ponena za ena, koma za zabwino zomwe tingakhale mwakukhalabe m’malo athu nthaŵi zonse.
M'bukuli, Carlo Ginzburg amafufuza, kuchokera m'mawonedwe osiyanasiyana, chidziwitso ndi makhalidwe abwino, zomanga ndi zowononga zomwe zingathe kuzula ndi mtunda. Kodi nchifukwa ninji mwambo wautali wanena kuti kuyang’ana kwa mlendo (wa wankhalwe, wamba, wa nyama) kukhoza kuwulula chinyengo cha anthu? Chifukwa chiyani masitayelo akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kuphatikiza kapena kuchotsera zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana? Maso aakulu amatabwa amatipatsa malingaliro atsopano pa zonsezi ndi dziko lapansi, pafupi ndi kutali ndi ife.
