Mtundu wanyimbo pali symmetries zina pakati mabuku Chitaliyana ndi spanish. Idzakhala chinthu chogawana nawo ku Mediterranean, chachilendo chojambulidwa mbali zonse za magombe akumadzulo kwa Mare Nostrum. Kufananaku kumamveka bwino kuyambira zaka za zana la XNUMX momwe symbiosis yachikhalidwe imapeza malo okulirapo pakati pa oyimira mbali imodzi ndi ina. Kuyambira Vazquez Montalban ndi Camilleri kupita kwa José Luis Sampedro ndi Italo Calvino.
Olemba ambiri amapeza ma synergies ochulukirapo kapena ochepera mbali zonse ziwiri. Ndipo kukhulupirira zochitika mwangozi ndi chikhulupiriro chachikulu. Chifukwa chake kwa owerenga omwe ali ndi maumboni achi Spanish omwe ali pamwamba, mutha kusangalalanso ndi ofotokozera aku Italy mbali ina yagalasi.
Zimachitika ndi nyimbo kapena luso lina lililonse. Zomwe zimakhudzidwa nthawi zonse, poyamba, zomwe zimachokera ku telluric, kuchokera kumalo, kuchokera ku nyengo komanso ngakhale kuwala. Kupitilira zolandirika nthawi zonse komanso zofunikira kuchokera kumadera ena, zojambulajambula zimateteza idiosyncrasy ngati sonata yakumbuyo yomwe imagwedeza ntchito iliyonse.
Tiyeni tipite kumeneko ndi olemba awo ochokera ku Italy omwe adapulumutsidwa patsamba lino. Ndanenapo nthawi zambiri koma ndikukumbukiranso, malo anga achilengedwe ndi zaka za XNUMXth ndi XNUMXst. Kupewa kugendedwa ndi anthu otsogola kwambiri komanso oyeretsa malowa…
Olemba 10 Apamwamba Ovomerezeka aku Italy
Umberto Echo
Katswiri wodziwika bwino yekha yemwe amatha kulemba mabuku awiri ngati Foucault's Pendulum kapena The Island of the Day Before ndipo osawonongeka poyesa. Umberto Echo Amadziwa zochulukirapo pazolumikizana ndi zizindikilo m'mbiri ya anthu, kotero kuti adamaliza kutaya nzeru paliponse m'mabuku awiri abodzawa kuti akwaniritse tanthauzo la munthu.
Poyamba (komanso kwa owerenga ambiri pamapeto pake), amatha kuwoneka ngati mabuku okhuthala kwambiri, momwe chinsinsi chochititsa chidwi chowululidwa chimapangidwa mwachidziwitso koma chimapita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono, kusanthula zambiri zomwe zimasiya owerenga wamba omwe alibe chidwi ndi zozama zamaganizidwe.
Tsopano wolemba uyu atisiya, titha kumuphonya. Cholowa chake chatengedwa ndi Dan Brown o Javier Sierra panorama yapadziko lonse, kutchula olowa m'malo awiri oyenerera. Koma, popanda kuzichotsa pamalopo, palibe m'modzi mwa olemba zinsinsi zamakono omwe ali ndi nzeru zotere za zovuta zazikulu zomwe zimatikhudza ngati chitukuko.
Umberto Eco adalembanso zolemba zaumunthu komanso nthanthiMonga pulofesa wabwino yemwe anali. Kaya ikukhudzana ndi zolemba zopeka kapena mitu yeniyeni, Eco nthawi zonse imakhala yosangalatsa mamiliyoni a owerenga. Ndipo nayi mwala wanu:
Italo Calvin
Gulu lovuta kwambiri kapena ntchito yolemba ndizodziwikiratu. Kuzindikira kuti mukufuna kunena zinazake komanso kuti mumadziwa m'mene mungadziwire ndiyo njira yodalirika yolemba. Zina zonse zimawoneka kwa ine, moona mtima zosafunikira. Posachedwa ndimawona mtundu wa "sukulu zolembera" zikuchulukirachulukira, monga agogo anga a curmudgeon anganene: hule, palibenso china.
Zonsezi zimabwera, ngakhale sizochuluka kwambiri, poti mmodzi mwa akulu monga Italo Calvin Zimatsimikizira zomwe wolemba amachita, koma amadzipanga yekha. Palibe china chodziphunzitsa chokha kuposa kuyamba kulemba chifukwa. Ngati mukufuna zothandizira kapena malingaliro, ngati mukufuna thandizo kapena kulimbikitsidwa, dziperekeni ku chinthu china.
Inde ndanena zoona m'modzi mwa ma greats, Italo Calvino, sangaganize zodzakhala wolemba pomwe amaphunzira uinjiniya, monga bambo ake. Patangopita nthawi yochepa, pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, adapeza malo ngati mtolankhani wopusa nthawi yomweyo pomwe adachita chidwi ndi Literature.
Pali ma Calvinos awiri, ngakhale atatu kapena anayi (ndimatenga wachiwiri). Poyamba amafuna kuwonetsa zowawazo za nkhondo komanso pambuyo pa nkhondo. Chachilendo poganizira zoopsa. Koma patapita zaka adapeza njira yake yopambana kwambiri: zopeka, zofanizira, zopambana ...
Mpaka pomwe adatopa ndimikhalidwe yabwinoyi ndipo adayamba kuchita zodabwitsazi, zomwe ziyenera kukhala zomwe tatsala nazo pamene tikuyandikira kumapeto ndikupeza chinyengo chonse. Kubwereranso ku nkhaniyo komanso chikhalidwe chake ngati chodabwitsa pakuphunzira kunatseka zaka zake zolembedwa asanamenyedwe ndi 1985.
Andrea Camillery
Mphunzitsi waku Italiya Andrea Camillery anali m'modzi mwa olemba omwe adadzaza masamba masauzande ambiri chifukwa chothandizidwa ndi owerenga ake padziko lonse lapansi. Inayamba kutuluka mzaka za m'ma 90, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti khama ndi ntchito yolemba ngati maziko a moyo wawo wautali wofikira pakuda pa zoyera.
En imodzi mwa ntchito zake zomaliza, Osandigwira, Andrea adapitilizabe kuwonetsa malowa popanga ziwembu zamtundu wakuda ngakhale atakalamba. Ubwino wophunzitsidwa bwino umakhala ndi inu nthawi zonse. Malo ake achikale, momwe amapangira ziwembu zake zakuda, ndikuzama kwambiri ku Sicily, kaya m'malo enieni kapena opangidwa, koma nthawi zonse ndi mizu ya chilumba chachikulu cha Italy.
Apa ndikusiya imodzi mwantchito zake zapadera kwambiri pomwe Camilleri amafotokozera mwachidule nthabwala, ndi kukoma kwina kwa saltpeter ya ku Mediterranean, ndikuwonetsa mphatso yosatsutsika yokhazikitsa ziwembu zokayikitsa mosavuta. Kaphunzitsidwe kakang'ono kwa wolemba aliyense wodzilemekeza:
Claudius Magris
Mwa olemba akale kwambiri komanso odziwika ku Italiya, ndiwodziwika bwino pa Claudius Magris Wakhala wolemba komanso wabwinobwino pachilichonse, ndi layisensi yomwe zaka zimapereka kwa iwo omwe adasewera nawo nkhondowo.
Pakalibe Andrea Camillery anapanga mphamvu zonse pofotokoza nkhani yaku Italiya, Magris amatenga ma trastros ngakhale samachita nawo mtundu womwewo. Chifukwa funso m'mabuku ndiloti tikumvetsabe kuti wamkulu amakhala wanzeru, monga kale m'mbuyomu ...
Chifukwa chake kuyang'ana m'mabuku a Magris ndi chinthu cholemekeza kale. Zowonjezerapo zikawonekeratu kuti zopeka zake komanso zopeka zake nthawi zonse zimakhala ngati zothandizirana zomwe zimadyetsana wina ndi mnzake, kupanga njira yolemba ndi chowonadi, cha zokongoletsa komanso kudzipereka.
Magris ndi m'modzi mwa olemba omwe amasinthasintha zolemba zake ngati kuli kofunikira m'mabuku ena omwe amakhala osasamalidwa bwino komanso osakhalitsa. Nayi ntchito yapadera ya Magris:
Alessandro baricco
mabuku ake amakono achi Italiya amasangalala ndi mitundu yotamandika mwa olemba ake akuluakulu. Kuchokera ku a Erri de Luca kuti ngakhale masiku ano kuli kolemba pamabuku omwe akusefukira ndi chidwi komanso malingaliro osintha, mpaka a Camillery osatha mu udindo wake monga wolamulira wa ofufuza ndi zachiwawa buku ngakhale wamng'ono kwambiri monga Savian, zenizeni kumadera akudziko, Moccia monga gawo lalikulu la mtundu wachikondi kapena wosangalatsa Luca D'Andrea, zochitika zaposachedwa kwambiri zolembalemba ku Europe.
Pakati pa m'badwo timapeza a Alessandro baricco amene Biblography idapeza kale gawo lalikulu ndipo kusindikizidwa kwake kumapereka kusiyanasiyana kwamwambo ndi kokomera komwe mungakonde pang'ono kapena pang'ono, koma izi zimathera pakuziyika ndi mfundo yosiyanitsa, ndi chisindikizo chomwe nthawi yomweyo chimagwirizanitsa ntchito ndi wolemba chifukwa ndi iye yekha amene amafikira nkhani zawo ngati kuti ndi za mtundu wawo .ayesa.
Ndizowona kuti nthawi zina mabuku ake amatha kukhala "oyesera", koma sizowonanso kuti kuthekera kwake kodabwitsidwa kumabweretsa kutsitsimuka komanso malingaliro olakwika kuchokera kumayendedwe omwe, ngakhale chilichonse, ndi chosavuta kwa owerenga aliyense. Nawa limodzi mwa mabuku abwino kwambiri a Baricco:
Natalia Ginzberg
Wolemba dzina loti Levi amalumikizidwa mwachangu ku Italiya ndi nkhondo yolimbana ndi fascist kuyambira zolemba mpaka ndale. Koma chowonadi ndichakuti Natalia Ginzberg (Natalia Levi kwenikweni) alibe chochita ndi nzika zamasiku ano, Italiya komanso Myuda Msuwani levi.
Ndipo izi ndendende zolemba zidapangitsa mwayi wawo kukumana nthawi zina. Koma pamapeto pake ndizosafunikira. Palibe chomwe chidabuka ndipo zimadziwika kuti Natalia adakana zina mwa ntchito zake akugwira ntchito yosindikiza ku Einaudi.
Chifukwa chake aliyense adatsata ntchito yake ndi moyo wake. Malingaliro pantchito yolemba ndi moyo womwe udakhala chinthu chosasungunuka (monga mbiri ndi kudzipereka kuchokera kudandaula) munthawi zovuta zomwe onse adayenera kukhala kuyambira ali achinyamata.
Ndikulemera nthawi yovuta, Natalia adakhala ngati wolemba maumboni omwe masiku ano akuwoneka ngati zolemba zachiwawa. Kuwerenga kosiyana kwambiri ndi komwe komwe kumayang'ana pakumvera chisoni ndikufunitsitsa kuthana ndi zoopsa powafanizira ndi kuwunikanso kwapano.
Chifukwa? Pakadali pano, nthawi ina, kugonjetsa kumaonedwa ngati kuthekera kosatsutsika kwa munthu, nthawi zonse.
Eri de Luca
Mwinanso zangochitika mwangozi zokhazikitsidwa mwanjira yolembetsera ntchito yolenga ya olemba ambiri omwe adalumikizana, kuti asangalale kapena asadziwe pang'ono, kuzomwe zikuchitika masiku ano.
Chowonadi ndichakuti lero ofalitsa nkhani awiri ochokera m'ma 50s, amatchulapo nkhani yaku Italiya monga Alessandro baricco y Eri de Luca amawoneka ngati dzira ku mabokosi. Ndipo moona mtima ndichinthu choyenera kuthokoza nacho kuti pakadali pano aliyense amatha kupanga, kupenta, kupanga nyimbo kapena kulemba, za momwe amafunira.
Erri De Luca wokalambayo nthawi zonse wakhala akusunga nyimbo zomwe zimakongoletsa ngati kumaliza kumaliza zazing'onoting'ono, zowerengera zomwe zimasiyanasiyana ngati makulitsidwe kuti awone manja omwe akusisita kapena manja omwewo pakati chachikulu mkuntho, kuchokera kumitambo yakuda yomwe imafanana ndi mawonekedwe a anthu awiriwa omwe akuyang'anizana.
Ntchito yolemba Erri sikutanthauza kuti inali chinthu choyambirira kwambiri. Koma mu malonda a wolemba, nthawi zina ndi ndendende kuti, kusonkhanitsa zokumana nazo, kudzipereka ku ntchito zina kuti pamapeto pake apereke chikhulupiriro chazomwe zakhala zikuchitika komanso zowonera pa chilichonse chomwe chawonedwa, chosangalatsidwa, chomvetsetsedwa kapena chotembereredwa. Nayi imodzi mwa ntchito zake zabwino kwambiri:
Susanna tamaro
Pali mitundu ina yatsopano ku Italiya tamaro. Zili ngati kuti zophiphiritsa zidapezeka mwa wolemba uyu malo okhala pakati pa zenizeni zomwe zili pafupi ndi mapazi athu ndi uzimu wopanga zongoyerekeza, zikhumbo, zikumbukiro, ziyembekezo. Pakulingana pakati pa zoimbira ndi zochitikazo, buku lililonse la wolemba limangofika pamlingo wonsewo, monga dziko latsopano.
Ndi mfundo zina zopambana, ndikulimbikitsidwa kwake mwina ndi Italo Calvin Wopanga nkhani zazifupi, zolemba zambiri za Susanna zimatitsogolera ndi kaye kupuma m'mabuku omwe amabwera bwino ndikupumula kuti tipeze ma nuances.
Cholinga ndikuyamba ndi chidwi chofunikira ndikumaliza kutenga mfundo ya wolemba wina yemwe amanong'oneza nkhani zake zosunthika pakati pa mphepo yofewa ya chilimwe, ngati mafunde osungunula kapena nyimbo zotsitsimula, nthawi zonse kuzungulira chikondi, moyo, imfa ndi mzimu, inde ndizo kuti zitha kukhala, zopanga mabuku ochepa.
Elena Ferrante
Kwa ambiri ndizokayikitsa, mpaka malire, kuti wina amene akwaniritsa ulemerero wa ntchito yake sakufuna kudziwika, kuyika pamakapeti ofiira, kufunsa mafunso, kupita ku posh galas ... Koma pali choncho Elena Ferrante, dzina labodza lomwe limasunga mbiri yakale yolembedwa m'masiku athu ano.
Kwa wolemba (kafukufuku wina wotsika kwambiri adayika dzina lenileni pomaliza), kubisala konseku kumayambitsa nkhani popanda kulingalira pang'ono kapena kuvomereza. Aliyense amene amatenga ulamuliro wa Ferrante amasangalala kukhala wopanga wopanda ma complexes kapena ma nuances, popanda kudziletsa (kopitilira muyeso mwa wolemba aliyense) pakati pa chikumbumtima ndi lingaliro lazotsatira zomwe zalembedwa.
Pali zaka zambiri kale momwe Ferrante wakhala akulemba mabuku. Ndipo chochititsa chidwi kwambiri pamilandu yake ndikuti pang'ono ndi pang'ono chidwi chake chathetsedwa ndikufunika kwa mabuku ake. Pali ena omwe nthawi zina amadabwa kuti Elena Ferrante ndi ndani? Koma owerenga azolowera kusayika nkhope kwa aliyense amene angalembere mbali inayo.
Zachidziwikire, sitinganene kuti kumbuyo kwa ndondomekoyi, njira ina siyobisika yomwe ingapangitse chidwi ... Ngati ndi choncho, asapusitsike aliyense, chofunikira ndikuti mabuku a Ferrante ndiabwino. Ndipo kuwerenga bwino sikunama.
Ndipo matsenga omwe mwina mumafuna nthawi zonse amapangidwa Ferrante monga munthu kapena ntchito ya Ferrante. Zokondana komanso nthawi yomweyo nkhani zosangalatsa zimatiyika patsogolo pazithunzi zenizeni zakukhalapo, ndikuyang'ana mozama zaka makumi awiri zapitazo zomwe wolembayo akuwoneka kuti ali ndi ngongole yazinthu, kapena zomwe zitha kutayika. Nkhani pafupifupi nthawi zonse za akazi, otsogolera achikondi, zopweteketsa mtima, zilakolako, misala ndi zovuta.
Maurice de Giovanni
El Noir waku Italy, molingana ndi Chisipanishi kuyambira ku Latin kuchokera kumapiri okhala ndi ziphuphu ndi mafia oyikiridwa m'magulu onse, simudzaphonya munthu ngati Camillery.
Ndipo komabe, chifukwa cha wolemba ngati Maurice de GiovanniKukonda kwamabuku azamilandu kudzagwirabe ntchito pofufuza apolisi omwe, pansi pa chidindo chake, amasunga machitidwe a olemba apolisi akulu a theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la XNUMX.
Chifukwa chakulowerera m'magulu onse azandale komanso zandale kulimbana ndi ziphuphu zomwe zingayambitse milandu, a Giovanni amatidziwitsanso kwa anthu omwe amatenga nawo mbali m'mabuku omwe amatipatsanso dziko lapansi lino. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse ndimakhala ndi gawo la Naples, mzinda wodzaza ndi zithumwa zambiri monga zongopeka komanso mbiri yakuda.
Malo ogawana m'magulu onse ampikisano momwe zilakolako, zokhumba, kufunafuna gawo lililonse lamphamvu ndi osakhulupirika zimapangana kuti zizitha kutuluka nthawi ndi nthawi ndi kufanana kwawo ndi mbiri yakale yomwe nthawi zina imadziwika.
Osati zolemba zake zonse zomwe zafika mdziko lathu. Koma nkhani iliyonse yatsopano yomwe ikubwera imamutsimikizira kuti ndi wolemba wofunikira kwa okonda apolisi omwe amakhala ndi zotukitsa zomwe zimadzutsa mkwiyo.
Ndemanga imodzi pa "Olemba 1 abwino kwambiri aku Italy"