Theka loyamba la zaka za zana la XNUMX ku Europe likulemba unyinji wochuluka wa olemba opitilira muyeso monga olemba mbiri ofunikira a kontinenti yomwe idalowa mumdima wankhondo zazikulu zapadziko lonse lapansi.
Ndikutanthauza Thomas mann, George Orwell, kapena kale ku Spain Baroja, unamuno...olemba onse akuyang'ana kuphompho kwa mikangano ikuluikulu iwiri ija ndi nkhondo zawo zapambuyo pa nkhondo, nthawi yawo yapakati pa nkhondo ndi mikangano yomwe idakula panthawi yachisokonezo yomwe kupitirira tsogolo lazandale, idalembanso miyoyo ya anthu mamiliyoni ambiri mumthunzi.
robert musili, wokhala ndi cholinga chofanananso ndi cham'mbuyomu, nthawi zonse pakati pazomwe zimakhalapo ndizodzikayikira zomwe zimakhalako nthawiyo, komanso kufunafuna munthu mumdima waumunthu, adalemba zolemba zapadera.
Suli gulu lalikulu la ntchito zomwe zimaposa khumi. Ndipo mwina pazocheperako, Musil adayika masomphenya opitilira muyeso adziko lapansi kuchokera pamaganizidwe anzeru, adasinthidwa kukhala buku lokhala ndi chuma chomwe chimasinthira ziwembu zawo kukhala zipilala zolemera ndi kuzama, ndikutanthauzira kwaumunthu kuyambira kuwonekera kwa otchulidwa ake monyanyira zomwe zimatipangitsa ife kumva moyo ngati mayeso a zowawa.
Koma kupyola kumbuyo, zochita za Musil nthawi zonse zimayitanitsa mfundo zomwe zikudikirira zotsatira zake zodabwitsa, monga buku lililonse loyenera mchere wake kuti owerenga azisangalala kukhala m'malo oterewa.
Mabuku atatu apamwamba opangidwa ndi Robert Musil
Mwamunayo wopanda zikhumbo
Ntchito yokhala ndi vitola yachidziwitso yosamalizidwa yomwe imatsagana ndi wolemba wamkuluyo asanachoke pamalopo. Buku lomwe likufuna, ndipo ngakhale mathero ake osamveka bwino, limakwaniritsa kupitilira kwa magnum opus, kuchokera pa voliyumu mpaka kugwiritsa ntchito Kunyada mu "Kufunafuna Nthawi Yotayika."
Kuyambira pachiyambi, kudzipereka, kwazaka zopitilira khumi, kuti atseke ntchitoyi mosakayikira kukuwonetsa zomwe zingakwaniritse nthawi yonseyi, osawoneka koyamba. China chake chomwe chimalemeretsa nthawi zonse pakubwerera kwa otchulidwa ndi ma nuances awo. Ulrich ndi amene amatchedwa munthu wopanda malingaliro, munthu wozizira komanso wodzipereka kudziko lake la ziwerengero komanso kuphatikiza ngati katswiri wamasamu. Maganizo ake okhudza dziko lapansi amuthawa chifukwa chokopa kwa Leona ndi Bonadea.
Kumbali inayi, m'malo opatsirana adziko lachilendo pakati pa manambala, kuyamikiridwa ndi chidwi chomwe chidapangidwa, Anheimheim adadzaza kale ndi zizindikilo za munthu wabwino, akudziwa zonse, wodziwa bwino za dziko lamakono m'mayeso ake onse. Kumbuyo, Europe isanachitike nkhondo yotentha isanachitike nkhondo ya 1914, pakatikati pamakhala machimo, zachabechabe, zokhumba zopitilira muyeso komanso zikhumbo zowoneka bwino za amuna omwe alibe kapena opanda.
Za kupusa
Nkhani yonena za kupusa sayenera kukhala yayitali kuposa masamba 100. Pokhapokha ngati wina ngati Musil atipangitsa kuti tifune kuwona kuti kupusa kuli kwathu monga momwe timapatsira.
Chifukwa kupusa komwe ophunzira a Pulofesa Erdmann adaseka atachenjeza kuti, kupusa kumeneku, ndikomwe kungayambitse nkhani yake mkalasi, sikungokhala kuphatikizitsa njoka yamantha yomwe imachokera ku tsankho lomwe lingathe kuwononga zenizeni , umbuli wathu wokhoza kudzilimbitsa tokha mpaka kukana mawu a mnzake chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwenikweni.
Kukhala anzeru kungafanane ndi kusakhala opusa mpaka kukhala chete, kuyang'anitsitsa tisanalankhule, kumasula malingaliro athu zisanachitike zizolowezi zathu zankhanza zosokoneza kuthekera konse kaphatikizidwe ndi kuphunzira. Ndicho chifukwa chake Erdmann anayenera kulankhula za kupusa. Ndipo Musil adapulumutsa malingaliro onsewo m'buku laling'ono lomwe titha kukumbukira kuti nthawi zonse timayesetsa kuchoka ku kupusa kwathu.
Masautso a Wopanda Thandizo
Zowona zakufikira pomwe panali achinyamata komanso m'malo ankhondo kuti zinthu ziipireipire, zimapangitsa bukuli kukhala pafupi kwambiri ndi wowerenga aliyense wofunitsitsa kulowa mdziko la Musil.
Törless ndi msilikali wachinyamata yemwe anakumana ndi zotsutsana kwambiri. Chifukwa chakuti chinachake mwa iye chimayesetsa kudzutsa kunyada koonekerako ndi chifuwa chotupa pamene mbali yachibwana imakhala yokayikira. Pokhapokha kuti mwanayo, wachinyamata atavala yunifolomu yankhondo, posakhalitsa amaphunzira frivolize za moyo ndi imfa, zinthu zomwe kwa iye akadali kanthu kuchokera kutali kwambiri kuti amaziwona.
Koma ndendende iye, Törless, ndiye wotsutsana kwambiri ndi asitikali ndipo nkhawa zake zimamupangitsa kuti apandukire nthawi zina motsutsana ndi mantha omwe adayikidwa. Chifukwa nzeru zake zasweka ngati ngalawa m'mipata ya usilikali ndi ntchito yokonda dziko lako yolimbana ndi adani zomwe nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kwa anyamata ngati iye. Nthaŵi zina Törles amamvetsetsa kuti kwachedwa kwambiri, kuti palibe anyamata ena amene angathe kuthawa kutalikidwa. Ndipo kuthawa nokha si nkhani yapafupi. Choncho kuzemba kungakhale mkati, m'malo omwe mungathe kuteteza kuti palibe amene angalowemo mokakamiza kuchokera mu chidziwitso chanu.
