Mabuku 3 Opambana a Noam Chomsky

Ndikukumbukira kukhudzidwa kwa kulowererapo kwa Noam Chomsky pa mkangano wapano ndi dera la Catalonia. Kuposa china chilichonse, chifukwa nthawi zonse mumayembekezera kuchokera kwa aluntha kulowererapo, mwabata, kusanthula zenizeni ndi zomwe zili. Koma zowona, ndizoyesa masiku ano kukumbatira chikondi chomwe chimati, ngakhale zitabisa chikhumbo chimodzi chodzikonda ...

Chifukwa kukhala wodzipatula ku Catalan kumagulitsidwa ngati chosavuta mdziko lotukuka. Mwina ndi kutetezera machimo ochuluka poyang'anizana ndi kusokonekera koona kwa ufulu wofunikira; kunyalanyaza kwandale ndi zandale kumadera ena adziko lapansi; Chidwi chosiya ntchito pamiyeso yofunikira…. Kuchita zaluso.

Ndipo zowonadi, ndi ndani winanso amene ali ochepa (pakati pa gulu la anthu omwe amati ndi otsalira, koma ali bwino mu izi, nthawi zina, dziko lamatsenga), amanyambita mabala awo abodza podziwonetsa okha olimba pazifukwa zenizeni komanso zochititsa manyazi zoyipa zonse zosintha zomwe zimayambitsa zilipo.

Ndiyeno mnyamata ngati José Mújica akufika, pulezidenti wakale wa Uruguay, wodzipatula ku chirichonse chomwe chimaphatikizapo kudzilungamitsa ndi kufunda. osintha abodza otsalira. Inde, José Mújica akusiya mtolankhani ali pa ntchito pa njira yodziŵika kwambiri ya Chikatalani yochirikiza kupatukana ndi mawu ndipo akumuuza kuti gulu lodziimira paokha la Chikatalani lili chabe kudzikonda. Ndipo kuti kayendetsedwe kake kalibe demokalase.

Koma bwerani, kudzudzula pambali, sikunganyalanyazidwe kuti malingaliro a Chomsky pankhaniyi ndi mwayi chabe womwe tonsefe titha kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi iliyonse, pakalibe zifukwa zenizeni zomwe zingakhudze mfundo zathu zamakhalidwe abwino.

Dulani pambali, ndiye pali ntchito yake, buku lozama kwambiri lomwe, nthawi zambiri, limatipatsa masomphenya olemeretsa a tsogolo la masiku athu. Ndipo inde, akuwoneka kuti ndi wolemba wovomerezeka mokwanira m'mabuku ake kubwereza pafupi ndi masomphenya ovuta komanso anzeru.

Mabuku Otchuka 3 Opangidwa ndi Noam Chomsky

Maphunziro amakono (un)

Ndinayandikira bukhuli motsogozedwa ndi zowerengera zina zofananira zomwe zidalozera ku dongosolo la maphunziro ngati khansa, ndendende, ophunzira ambiri aluso komanso opanga. N’zoona kuti ena amafikadi, amaphunzira, amapeza madigirii ndipo amakhala amuna othandiza.

Funso ndi iwo omwe akugwa m'mbali mwa njira. Ndikadatha kuchita ziwerengero za IQ popanda digiri, makamaka m'magawo oyambilira komwe ali achichepere, tikadadabwitsidwa. Ndi za mania yokonzekera mpaka kusangalatsidwa, kupanga mapangidwe mpaka kufika pakuchita chidwi. Ndiyeno iwo omwe amakhazikitsa dongosolo amakhalabe odekha kwambiri, monga pamene amapita ku bafa, popanda kuganizira zina zambiri zofunikira kuti apititse patsogolo kuphunzira, zomwe mosakayikira ndizofunika kwambiri kuti aphunzire ndi kulimbikitsana monga mphamvu yoyendetsa yomwe imayendetsa.

Popanda kupita kuzinthu zomwe zafotokozedwa, Chomsky akugogomezera chinthu china chofunikira, kulimbikitsa otsutsa, kukhazikitsidwa kwa lingaliro laluntha la wachinyamata wofunitsitsa kuganizanso zonse. Palibe chiphunzitso choti mnyamata wosakhazikika amafuna kuganiza chifukwa chake. Ndipo umenewo ndi mtolo wolemetsa. Noam Chomsky amadziwika padziko lonse lapansi ngati m'modzi mwa anthu aluntha komanso aphunzitsi azaka za zana la 20. Ndipo komabe, mpaka pano, zolemba zake za maphunziro ndi kusaphunzitsidwa bwino kwa nzika sizinasonkhanitsidwe m'buku lililonse. Mu ichi, katswiri wamkulu wa zilankhulo wa ku America amatsutsa mwaukali dongosolo lathu la maphunziro.

Polimbana ndi lingaliro loti mfundo za demokalase zimaphunzitsidwa m'masukulu athu, chomwe chilipo ndi njira yophunzitsira ya atsamunda yomwe idapangidwa makamaka kuti iphunzitse aphunzitsi omwe nzeru zawo sizili bwino ndipo zimasinthidwa ndikutsata njira ndi maluso osiyanasiyana; mtundu womwe umalepheretsa kuganiza mozama komanso kodziyimira pawokha, komwe sikuloleza kulingalira pazabisika kumbuyo kwa malongosoledwe ndikuti, pachifukwa chomwecho, amakonza mafotokozedwe awa ngati okhawo omwe angatheke. Aphunzitsi samafunsa ophunzira kuti azisanthula ndale komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu zomwe zimafotokoza miyoyo yawo. Ophunzira samalimbikitsidwa kawirikawiri kuti adzifunse okha chowonadi.

M'buku lino, Chomsky amatipatsa zida zabwino kwambiri zothetsera chiphunzitsochi chomwe chimapangidwira kusamutsa nzika: ngati aphunzitsi akana maphunziro aukadaulo omwe amawapatsa nzeru kuti akhale akatswiri anzeru omwe amatsutsa chinyengo, kusalungama pakati pa anthu komanso kuzunzika kwa anthu, limbikitsani ophunzira kuti azichita nawo ntchito yolimbikitsa demokalase ndi nzika ndipo, limodzi nawo, agwira ntchito yopanga tsankho, demokalase, yopanda umunthu komanso chilungamo.

Ndani akulamulira dziko lapansi?

Zikuwoneka ngati zosaneneka kuti ambiri a ife timadziwa, kutulutsa nzeru kapena kukayikira ndipo, m'malo mwake, chipinda chaching'ono choyendetsera chomwe tili nacho. Zili ngati Big Brother, kuchokera Orwell kapena dziko losangalala la huxley, dziko latsopano, chowonadi chatsopano, kapena chotchedwa tsopano, pambuyo pa choonadi. Ziribe kanthu kuti Chomsky amafufuza mwaluso bwanji mu mtima wa nkhaniyi, kudzuka kumawoneka ngati ntchito yosatheka.

Lingaliro loopsya la dziko lonse lapansi la anthu, ogwirizana ndi kudalirana kwa mayiko, akhoza kuwuka kufuna chilungamo cha chikhalidwe cha anthu ayenera kukhala owopsa kwambiri kwa amphamvu kotero kuti adadzitengera okha kuti aletse mawuwo. Pofufuza mosamalitsa komanso mosamalitsa zomwe zikuchitika padziko lonse lapansi, Chomsky akuti United States, kudzera mu mfundo zake zankhondo komanso kudzipereka kwake kopanda malire pakusunga ufumu wapadziko lonse lapansi, ili pachiwopsezo cha tsoka lomwe lingawononge katundu wamba padziko lapansi.

Pogwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira pakukula kwa kuphedwa kwa ma drone mpaka kuwopseza nkhondo ya zida za nyukiliya, kupita ku malo omwe akuwonetsedwa ndi mikangano ku Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan ndi Israel-Palestine, Chomsky amapereka malingaliro osayembekezereka ndikukhala ndi malingaliro okhudza ntchitoyi ya mphamvu yachifumu padziko lapansi lomwe likusokonekera kwambiri.

Mukudutsa, wolemba amaphunzira mozama za momwe anthu apamwamba aku United States akhala akudzipatula okha chifukwa cha zoletsa zilizonse zomwe demokalase imafuna kuyika pamphamvu zawo. Pomwe anthu ambiri amachita mphwayi - kupatutsidwa pakufuna kugula kapena kudana ndi omwe ali pachiwopsezo - mabungwe ndi olemera amaloledwa kuchita zomwe angafune.

Kamangidwe ka chilankhulo

Chida, chida, njira yolumikizirana komanso phokoso. Njira yathu yofunikira yopatsira malingaliro, malingaliro, malingaliro, njira, nkhani ndi zolemba zina zaluntha zopangidwa kukhala maverebu, ilinso ndi malingaliro ake ofananirako kuchokera kumalingaliro azitsulo. Chifukwa zomwe timafuna kuyankhulana titha kuzibisa pansi pazomwe timalankhula. Kapena, m'malo mwake, titha kuwulula cholinga chenicheni chomwe sichinafune kufotokozedwa momveka bwino. Chofunika kwambiri ndi galamala.

Koma ngakhale kuchokera ku phunziro losavuta lomwe limaphunzira mawu ndi njira yopangira ziganizo, limapereka kale chidziwitso pa cholinga cha chinenero, ngakhale m'masomphenya ake. Zinenero amapangidwa kutengera idiosyncrasies anthu awo. Ndipo Chomsky akupereka mbiri yabwino ya zonsezi mu bukhu laluso la njira zathu zolankhulirana kwenikweni.

Njira yake yophunzirira zilankhulo yatchedwa "galamala yopanga" ndipo yasinthiratu kamvedwe kathu ka zilankhulo za anthu ndi machitidwe ena azidziwitso. M'bukuli Chomsky akuwonetsa mbiri ya "galamala" iyi ndikuphatikiza mafunso anzeru ndi malingaliro ndi zofufuza zamphamvu.

Mtundu wosangalatsa komanso wokopa womwe Chomsky amawasilira umakwezedwa pakukambirana komaliza komaliza ndi aprofesa odziwika aku yunivesite, okhudza zilankhulo, kupeza chilankhulo, malingaliro azilankhulo, ndi malingaliro. M'mayankho ake mokoma mtima pamafunso osiyanasiyana, Chomsky amalimbana ndi mafunso ofunikira amunthu. Chifukwa chake, bukuli lithandizira akatswiri azilankhulo komanso anthu wamba.