Mabuku atatu abwino kwambiri a Natalia Ginzburg

Wolemba dzina loti Levi amalumikizidwa mwachangu ku Italiya ndi nkhondo yolimbana ndi fascist kuyambira zolemba mpaka ndale. Koma chowonadi ndichakuti Natalia Ginzberg (Natalia Levi kwenikweni) alibe chochita ndi nzika zamasiku ano, Italiya komanso Myuda Msuwani levi. Ndipo zolembedwa zinapangitsa kuti azikumana mwamwayi nthawi zina. Koma pamapeto pake m'njira yosafunikira. Palibe phokoso lomwe lidawuka ndipo zimadziwikanso kuti Natalia adakana ntchito zake zina akugwira ntchito ku nyumba yosindikizira ya Einaudi.

Choncho aliyense anapitiriza ntchito yake ndi moyo wake. Malingaliro a ntchito yolemba ndi moyo womwe unakhala chinthu chosalekanitsidwa (monga mbiri ndi kudzipereka kuchokera ku chitsutso) mu nthawi zovuta zomwe onse awiri adayenera kukhalamo kuyambira ubwana wawo. Ndi kulemedwa kwanthawi zovuta, Natalia adakhala ngati wolemba maumboni omwe masiku ano akuwoneka ngati mabuku aumbanda. Kuwerenga kosiyana kwambiri ndi komwe kunalipo panthawiyo pofunafuna chifundo ndi kufuna kuthana ndi zowopsa pozifanizitsa ndi ndemanga yamakono.

Chifukwa? Pakadali pano, nthawi ina, kugonjetsa kumaonedwa ngati kuthekera kosatsutsika kwa munthu, nthawi zonse.

Mabuku atatu apamwamba kwambiri a Natalia Ginzburg

Ndipo ndi zomwe zidachitika

Zomwe simunafune kuuzidwa, ndi zomwe zidachitika. Ndipo pambuyo podziwa mkhalidwe wonyansa waumunthu m’mawu ake oipa kwambiri, sipangakhale chiyembekezo chotsalira chobala bukhu ngati ili.

«Kwa mibadwomibadwo ndi mibadwo-amawona Italo Calvino m'mawu oyamba a kope lino-chinthu chokhacho chomwe akazi padziko lapansi achita chinali kudikirira ndi kuvutika. Iwo ankayembekezera kuti wina adzawakonda, kuwakwatira, kuwapanga kukhala amayi, kuwapereka. Ndipo zomwezo zidachitikanso ndi omwe adachita nawo Ginzburg. Lofalitsidwa mu 1947, "Ndipo Ndi Zomwe Zinachitika," buku lachiwiri la Natalia Ginzburg, ndi nkhani ya chikondi chotheratu; chivomerezo, cholembedwa m’chinenero chosavuta ndi chokhudza mtima, cha lucidity yosweka mtima ya mkazi wosakwatiwa amene kwa zaka zambiri wapirira kusakhulupirika kwa mwamuna wake ndi amene malingaliro ake, zilakolako ndi ziyembekezo zake zimamtsogolera kusokera mosalekeza.

«Nkhani yodzaza ndi mantha komanso kukonda kwambiri. Ginzburg, wolemba wotsutsana komanso wamphamvu monga ena ochepa, amatitsogolera munkhani zake zonse, wamunthu komanso wosuntha, waluntha kwambiri, ndi chilankhulo chatsiku ndi tsiku, chachifupi, pafupifupi chonyansa ».

Lexicon yabanja

Umboni wamwano kwambiri, zolemba zamphamvu kwambiri zomwe zili pafupi ndi zonyansa zimatengera gawo la nkhani yopeka. Sichinthu chachilendo, mwina ndi cholinga chachindunji cha wolemba. Kotero kuti potseka bukhuli aliyense amamvetsera kachiwiri ku reverberations zachilendo, osokonezeka akubwerezabwereza kuti potsirizira pake kumveketsa kuti zimene anawerenga ndi zoona, izo zinachitika mu malo enieni kwambiri ndi nthawi.Masiku ovuta anali zikuchitika ku Ulaya ndi populism anali ponseponse mu dziko lililonse, potsiriza kupezerapo mwayi pa chiwawa chololedwa ndi anthu ataphimbidwa ndi mantha.

Nkhondo ndi olamulira mwankhanza. Palibe chosiyana kwambiri pakati pa Germany, Italy, Spain kapena mayiko ena omwe m'zaka za zana la XNUMX anali kuyang'anira maboma awo mwankhanza. Koma pamenepa tikunena za Italy ya Natalia Levi. Ndipo zomwe akuyenera kutiuza, ndi luso lake lobadwa kuti afotokozere zochitika monga zokumana nazo pakhungu la owerenga, zidzatifikitsa pafupi ndi Italy ya Mussolini, yomwe inali chiyembekezo chotsutsana ndi antifascist chomwe chimafanana naye.

Lexicon yabanja amalankhula za Levi, banja lachiyuda komanso lotsutsa-fascist lomwe limakhala ku Turin, kumpoto kwa Italy, kuyambira 1930 mpaka 1950. Natalia anali m'modzi mwa ana aakazi a Pulofesa Levi ndipo anali mboni yamwayi yazakanthawi zapabanja, zamacheza awo makolo ndi abale omwe amakhala chilankhulo chachinsinsi. Kudzera mu lexicon yapaderayi timadziwa abambo ndi amayi a Natalia, anthu ena omwe amadzaza bukuli mwamphamvu; Tionanso abale a wolemba, mwamuna wake woyamba, andale ofunikira kwambiri komanso ophunzira ambiri omwe adalimbikitsa kusonkhana mzaka makumi ofunika izi mzaka za zana la XNUMX.

Ubwino wawung'ono

Pakati penipeni pa nkhaniyo ndi mbiri yake, "The Little Virtues" imabweretsa pamodzi malemba khumi ndi limodzi pamutu wosiyanasiyana womwe umakhala ndi chidziwitso chachilengedwe, cholemba, chodzipereka komanso chodzipereka kwa anthu.

Nkhondo ndi kuluma kwawo mwamantha ndi umphawi, kukumbukira kochititsa chidwi komanso kolimbikitsa Cesar Pavese ndi chidziwitso chovuta chokhala mayi ndi mayi ndi zina mwa nkhani zakale, zaumwini komanso zophatikizika, zomwe Natalia Ginzburg amasonkhanitsa mwaluso, m'masamba awa a kukongola kosokoneza, ndikuwonetsa mochenjera nthawi zonse kutchera khutu, kofunika kwambiri umboni wa malondawo - wofunika kwambiri, ndi ntchito yolembedwa - kulemba. ”Limodzi mwamagawo abwino kwambiri omwe wolemba uyu angapezeke… Chidwi chodabwitsa, chanzeru, chovuta komanso chosamala; mboni yozindikira komanso yopepuka ya nthawi yake.

Mabuku ena ovomerezeka a Natalia Ginzburg

Valentino

Chikondi ndi luso lowatsogolera ku chitukuko chomwe sichikukhudzana ndi moyo kapena ngakhale kunyumba (mwina zinthu zofunika zomwe zingayambitse chikondi chosatsutsika). Chinyengo kapena kungofuna kudzutsa makhalidwe nthawi zonse kumabisala ngati nkhuni pansi pa mapazi opanda kanthu. Kuti aliyense akuyang'ana ... pamene okonda amatha kukhala pakati pa dziko lapansi, nkhani yofunikira ya mabodza, moto wa nsanje, kulakwa ndi zilakolako ...

Ngakhale kuti makolo ake amakhulupirira kuti Valentino adzakhala munthu wamkulu, alongo ake amakhulupirira kuti iye si kanthu koma mnyamata wopanda pake, wodzikonda komanso wosasamala, wokhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kupambana kwake kusiyana ndi maphunziro ake azachipatala. Kugwirizana kwadzidzidzi kwa Valentino ndi mkazi wolemera koma wosawoneka wazaka khumi kudzathetsa maloto a makolo ake, omwe, atanyozedwa ndi chisankho chotere, amakayikira mkwatibwi.

Ndi kuluma kwake komanso ukadaulo wake wamaganizidwe, Natalia Ginzburg amafufuza za Valentino zomwe amayembekeza pazakhalidwe ndi jenda, kusiyana kwa magulu, chuma ndi ukwati monga ndende zomwe zimalepheretsa zilakolako za anthu ake ndikusandutsa chinyengo chochepa kwambiri kukhala choyera.

dzulo lathu lonse

Timasiya kukhala ife malinga ndi mikhalidwe. Ndipo ife timakhala ena. Izi n’zimene zikuchitikira mtsikana wa m’nkhaniyi. Chifukwa kumudziwa kuyambira ali mwana ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yosinthira zinthu. Moyo womwe nthawi zina umadzilola kupita, kudikirira kuphulika komwe kumatha kuthamangitsa chipwirikiti kudziko laudani lomwe silimasiya kuphulika. Dziko lakunja ndi dziko lamkati monga malo owoneka bwino osmosis a munthu wosaiwalika.

Nthawi zina kuyang'ana kwachibwana kwa mtsikana kumakhala kokwanira kuyambitsa nkhani yomwe idzasinthe miyoyo ya mabanja awiri ndi dziko lonse lapansi. Anna, nsikidzi wachisoni ndi waulesi m’mawu a Ginzburg mwiniwakeyo, ndi mtsikana wamanthayo amene amakhala m’tauni ya kumpoto kwa Italy m’zaka za nkhondo yachiŵiri ya padziko lonse isanachitike ndipo amagwa m’chikondi ndi zoseweretsa za mnansi wake; Iyenso ndi mtsikana yemwe, pafupifupi popanda zionetsero, amagonjera ku nkhanza za kugonana, ndipo ndi mkazi yemwe amatsatira Cenzo Rena, mwamuna wamkulu zaka makumi atatu, kumalo ovuta kum'mwera atakhala mkazi wake.

Anna amakhala chete pomwe aliyense akumuzungulira ndikumalankhula: pali ena omwe amathera usiku wawo akukonza chiwembu cholimbana ndi Mussolini, ena omwe amayendetsa magalimoto osinthika kapena amasowa popanda kufotokoza. Ndi nkhondo zimabwera zisankho zofunika ndi zochita zonyanyira: siteji imatsegulidwa, imapuma ululu, imayitanitsa ulemu, ndipo mantha ndi ndalama wamba.

Zomwe ambiri adazifotokoza ngati buku labwino kwambiri la Natalia Ginzburg likubwerera kwa ife, tsamba ndi tsamba, mawonekedwe a nthawi ndi zaka zomwe zidasintha tsogolo la Europe.