Aura yobwezera yomwe imazungulira Bulgakov kuti zolemba zake zankhanza komanso zankhanza zikuwoneka ngati zodzudzulidwa ndizowoneka ngati zobisika kapena zosangalatsa, zimamupangitsa kukhala wolemba yemwe wachoka pantchito amakhala wamoyo, mbiri yopunduka komanso zoseka zophimbidwa.
Kukwiyitsa gawo lalikulu la maulamuliro a Soviet, omwe adakondwera nawo pomwe amagwira ntchito ngati dokotala kapena ngati wolemba mbiri wofananira, (koma kwa omwe sanasangalale ataganiza zodzipereka ku zolemba), Bulgakov pang'onopang'ono adakhala wolemba mbiri. ngati wolemba wotsutsa, wonyozedwa ndi kuzunzidwa ndi apolisi andale, koma kupulumutsa khungu lake nthawi zambiri. Mwina chifukwa cha njira yake yopeka poyera, poyerekeza ndi yomwe ingachotsedwe pang'ono kuchokera ku zenizeni zenizeni.
Mwina ndichifukwa chake ntchito yake yovuta kwambiri monga "El maestro y Margarita" idakhala kuti ntchitoyi sinamalizidwe kwathunthu, nthawi zonse amakhala mu tebulo kuyembekezera nthawi zowoneka bwino ndikuwunikiranso mpaka atamwalira, ngakhale pomupulumutsa pambuyo pake. Patatha zaka zambiri.
Komanso wolemba nkhani zazifupi kapena zolemba, Bulgakov adalandira cholowa chazime cha Chekhov Kungoti adutsa pamtengo womwe umachokera pazomwe adakumana nazo zokhumudwitsa ngati dokotala mpaka chidwi chake chachitukuko.
Mabuku Otchuka 3 Opangidwa ndi Mikhail Bulgakov
Mphunzitsi ndi Margarita
Kufuna kukhala ndi mphamvu ndikofanana ndi nthawi ina iliyonse m'mbiri kotero kuti kumvetsetsa kuvomerezeka kwa ntchito ngati iyi kumamveka bwino. Koma monga chifuniro cha munthu wina aliyense, nthawi zambiri zimawoneka ngati zakuyaka moto ndi gehena wosula dzina lake Mdyerekezi yemwe adakwiya ndi Mulungu amene adalenga munthu ngati ntchito yokhumudwitsa.
Mdyerekezi akafika ku Moscow kudzawunikanso mzinda uliwonse modzipereka kuzipangidwe zake, tidzapeza wotsutsa ngati Margarita, pamtunda wa Dante, wotsutsa yemwe amawuluka pamwamba pa mitundu yonse ya anthu amzindawu amatsata zomwe zikuwachitikira munthu womvetsa chisoni.
Wonyada ndi ntchito yake, mdierekezi, komabe, amalimbikira kuti Margaret yemwe sanyengerera ndi chiyeso chomasuka cha zoipa chomwe chimalamulira pa zofooka ndi mayesero omwe ali ovunda mosavuta ndi ovomerezeka modabwitsa pakati pa kulingalira ndi chikumbumtima.
Pali mfundo yachilendo pachimake cha nkhaniyi, koma osati kukonzanso kwathunthu kwa ntchito yomwe imatiwonetsa kusokoneza chilengedwe cha nthawi ya wolemba. ulusi n'zomveka ndi chidwi meta-lemba subplots kutali kwambiri mbiri mphindi (mu nthawi ndi danga) kutumikira kulumikiza chirichonse, kuganizira mozama kwambiri pa chochitika chachikulu, tsogolo la mdierekezi kupyolera dziko anapanga bwalo lake okhulupirika, mwa zonyansa, ndi zoseketsa.
Kupatula Margarita, heroine wosinthika wa makhalidwe otsalira zotheka ngakhale chirichonse. Chifukwa, mosasamala kanthu za kuchuluka kwa apulo ndi Paradaiso amene timauzidwa, n’zosakayikitsa kuti Adamu ndi amene anasema chipatsocho. Mdierekezi angasamale kulemba chilichonse chakumbuyo.
Mazira owopsa
Mwina njira yokhayo yolimbana ndi kuponderezana kuti athe kulimbana nawo kuchokera ku chikumbumtima cha anthu ndi nthano zamtundu wa George Orwell kapena zongoyerekeza zomwe bukuli likuyimira.
Chifukwa ndithu zilibe kanthu ngati ulamuliro wankhanza, kaya kumanzere kapena kumanja. Vuto ndi mantha, kugonjera kotsatira ndi kuthekera komwe kumachokera kupangitsa nzika zambiri kukhala okhulupirira mwautumiki. Kufikira kuukira kopitilira kotheka pa chilichonse chomwe chimamveka ngati kusagwirizana ndi aliyense wa anthu omwe ali ndi mantha oyambawo. Pansi pa zongopeka zomwe sizili zongopeka, wolemba amatumiza zenizeni zowawa ndi nthabwala zake zanthawi zonse, nthawi zina zopweteka, zochenjera komanso zanzeru nthawi zonse.
Pulofesa Persikov akutenga nawo mbali pofufuza za chigololo cha nyama ndi zomera kuti zikule mopanda malire (zikumveka ngati kusintha kwa chibadwa cha chakudya). Koma potsirizira pake, nyama zawo ndi ma templates, zokhazikitsidwa ndi zofuna za boma kuti ziwonjezere mphamvuzo, kufika kuzinthu zodetsa nkhawa, zowopsya, zokhala ngati maloto ... onse aku Russia chifukwa cha kupusa kwa omwe amakhulupirira kuti akhoza kulamulira chilichonse pakufuna kwawo.
Morphine
Ngati zitha kuganiziridwa choncho Polemba Edgar Allan anali atabadwanso m'thupi mwa wolemba waku Russia, izi zitha kumveka ngati umboni womveka bwino. Kupitilira cholinga chomaliza cha wolemba m'modzi kapena m'modzi, mosakayikira amadziwika ndi mbiri yakale ya aliyense komanso zolemba zomwe zidawatsogolera kuti alembe, kukonda komweko kwa chidwi cha olemba onse kuphatikiza kukoma kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kunapangitsa kuti izi zitheke nthawi zina zobisika.
Kutitsogolera ndi kutitengera ife owerenga muzochitika zomwe zimayendera m'moyo mwa anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Koma mfundo ndikupeza mu ntchito yonga iyi kufotokoza kwa ndondomekoyi, makonzedwe a ulendo wopita ku paradaiso wa psychedelic, mu nkhani iyi yokokedwa mu chidziwitso ndi morphine.
Monga dokotala wamng'ono ndipo mwinamwake kugwidwa ndi ntchito yake, akukumana ndi zinthu zomwe sanaganizirepo, Bulgakov anatembenukira ku mankhwala awa kuti azembe. M'bukuli timadutsa m'masiku amenewo a dotolo wachichepere yemwe adakumana ndi kuyambika kwake movutikira kwambiri komanso mosayembekezereka, akukumana ndi milandu yomwe sakanawerengera chifukwa chaukadaulo wake.
