Malo osokonezeka kwambiri m'zaka za zana la XNUMX ku Ulaya mosakayikira anali opangidwa ndi Ufumu waku Austro-Hungary womwe ungaphwanye zidutswa chikwi (kapena m'malo 19). Yosefe roti Iye anabadwa mu 1894 ndipo anakulira mu ulemerero wa Ufumuwo ndipo anamwalira mu 1939, pamene dziko lachilendo lachilendolo linali losakumbukika chabe la Ulaya wina, kuyang’ana m’phompho panthaŵiyo.
Pakalipano, zomwe ziri zofanana mu moyo waufupi wa Roth, ntchito yochuluka kwambiri ya wanzeruyo isanafike nthawi yake. Ngakhale zili choncho, nthawi zina muzikhala pafupi ndi anthu ena anzeru ngati iyeyo Thomas mann o Hermann Hesse.
Mwinamwake, pofika zaka za octogenarian monga ena awiri otchulidwa, tikhoza kudzipeza tisanafike polemba zolemba zochititsa chidwi kwambiri, ndi mtengo wamtengo wapatali mofanana ndi zolemba zakale za zomwe zinachitika m'zaka zonse za zana monga zovuta za makumi awiri zapitazo kontrakitala.
Komabe, titha kusangalala ndi zolemba zapamwamba kale za a Joseph Roth, ndi zomwe zidalembedwa kale zamtengo wapatali zam'mbuyomu, zokhoza kupezekapo zokhazokha komanso mitundu yamanyimbo kuti izitsogolera chifuniro chapamwamba kwambiri cha nzeru za anthu.
Ma Novel Apamwamba Othandizidwa Atatu ndi Joseph Roth
Ulendo wa Radetzky
Wopangidwa ngati nyimbo yaulemerero ya Ufumu wa Austro-Hungary, kuguba kumeneku kwasankhidwa ngati fanizo lodabwitsa la kugwa komwe kunatsatira. Kuchokera ku banja la Trotta, m'mibadwo yake itatu, tikuwona tsogolo la dziko lapansi, chifukwa Ulaya panthawiyo inali kupititsa patsogolo kusintha kwa chikhalidwe, chikhalidwe, zachuma ndi malonda. Mpaka, kufanana ndi kugwa kwa Ufumu wa Austro-Hungary, ngakhale kuti sizinagwirizane ndi izi, Ulaya inayamba kuphimba dziko lonse lapansi ndipo chirichonse chinasokonezeka, kuchokera ku miyambo kupita ku chikhalidwe cha anthu.
Zinali zoyeserera zodziwononga, zoyipitsitsa zaimfa yodziwika bwino yomwe idachitika kale ndi Ufumu wa Roma. Ngakhale kusinthanso kumawonekeranso ngati kufunika kofuna kusintha.Funso, lomwe ndimasiyira ulusiwu ndi kulemera kwa mbiri yosaiwalika yomwe imayamba kuchokera ku Europe yolemera mdziko lake lamtendere, lokhalokha, nthawi zonse nkhondo yayikulu isanachitike.
Koma ndi izi nthawi zonse pamakhala mikangano yaing'ono monga nkhondo ya Solferino, nthawi yoyamba yomwe Trotta adasintha udindo wawo monga mphotho ya thandizo lawo kwa mfumu. Kukhulupirika kumalipidwa bwino monga gawo la kulingalira monyanyira kwa okhulupirira mu dongosolo lamakono. Ulendo wapakati pa mbiri yakale, zopeka, zokhala ndi mawu omveka komanso okongoletsedwa nthawi zonse ndi kufotokozera momveka bwino za ma brushstrokes okopa, umakula kwa owerenga mpaka Nkhondo Yaikulu ndi chiyambi cha mapeto a dziko lomwe likuchitikira mu limbo lachilendo, lomwe likuyang'anizana ndi zamakono. zofunidwa m'zaka za m'ma 1900 ndi kumangirira miyambo yomwe idaphimba chilichonse.
Nthano ya wakumwa woyera
Imodzi mwamagawo ofunikira. Nkhani zachikulire zidadutsa mchaka cha zaka zomwe zatha ngati nthawi yosathawika ya wotayika yomwe tonse tikuyang'ana pomaliza.
Palibe makhalidwe mu nkhani kapena chiphunzitso ngakhale maonekedwe awo nthawi zina ngati fanizo. Pali chiwonetsero chokha chachisoni pakati pa zowoneka bwino zowoneka bwino, ngati kuti zafika kuchokera pachiwonetsero cha womwa mowa wokhoza, mosasamala kanthu za chilichonse, kupitiriza kulemba ndime za mabuku apadera mozizwitsa. atha kukhala Andreas mwiniwake, munthu wopanda pokhala chifukwa chokhudzidwa ndi ntchito yapamwamba yomwe imawoneka yowoneka bwino ndi chakumwa chilichonse mpaka m'bandakucha uliwonse usungunuka.
Koma timakumananso ndi anthu omwe akukakamira kudziko lomwe limadzinenera kuti iwo ndi apamwamba kuposa maloto awo, ogonjetsedwa ndi mphamvu yokoka yomwe imathetsa chirichonse. Woyendetsa sitima yapamtunda Fallmeyer ndi moyo wake akubwereza kubwereza kwa maulendo a sitima zomwe nthawi zonse zimathawa, malonda a coral omwe sadzatha kuwona nyanja ... Makhalidwe omwe sakanakhala kunja kwa nkhani ya Poe, kupatula zoopsa zimabwera kwambiri kuchokera ku zenizeni zenizeni kuposa zomwe zimaganiziridwa ngati kumasulidwa.
Buku lomaliza la Roth ku Paris lomwe lidamulandila ngati chidakhwa komanso wolemba nthawi imodzi asanachoke, ndikusiya mbiri yosangalatsa yomwe imayamikiridwa tsiku lililonse.
Strawberry
Sizipweteka konse kukawona gawo la mbiri yakale kwambiri la wolemba nthano aliyense. Ili ndi buku la wokhometsa. Zonse mu mawonekedwe ndi zofunikira. Zomwe wolemba wamkulu Joseph Roth akadasunga ngati sewero loti afotokoze zaukali wake ali mwana zidapangitsa kuti azipereka izi kumapeto kwa nthawi yayitali atamwalira kumayambiriro kwa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, yemwe anali chidakwa.
Roth ndi m'modzi mwa olemba nthano, otembereredwa ndi Mbiri ndi zochitika zake, m'malo motembereredwa ndi chisankho chake. Myuda wina wa ku Ulaya chisanadze chipani cha Nazi ndiponso amene anavutika ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana a m’banja paubwana wake ndiponso paubwana wake, wapulumuka mpaka lero, atakutidwa ndi chifunga chambiri pa moyo wake. Ubwana wa mlengi umapangidwa ndi data yotsimikizika komanso zopeka zosimbidwa ndi iyemwini.
Pachifukwa ichi, mwina Strawberries akhoza kukhala ntchito yotsimikizika pomwe owerenga ake amatha kudziwa za moyo wa wolemba pakati pa chiwonetsero chake komanso kuthekera kwake kutengera mitundu yonse ya anthu munthawi zabwino zomwe zidalimbikitsa kuchepa kwa Europe pakati pa malingaliro ndi chidani.
Masomphenya ake a mwana yemwe adathandizira kupititsa patsogolo chiwembu chomwe chidalowetsedwa mu chikhumbo chaubwana wokondwa zomwe sizinali choncho. Motero, kuwawidwa mtima ndi kuonongeka pamapeto pake kumalamulira chilichonse. Cholembera chake chimafotokoza za anthu ochokera kunkhondo zaku Europe zomwe zinali kuyandikira gawo lina lanthawi yovutayi. Brody ndi tawuni yomwe Joseph ankafuna kuti akhale mnyamata wokondwa.
Ndizowona kuti adakhala ndikukula komweko mzaka zoyambirira za moyo wawo, ndipo kuchokera kumeneko ayenera kuti adakhala ndi lingaliro la anthu ambiri omwe adayang'anitsitsa pazolengedwa zake zazikulu, koma mzinda wa Brody udali poyambira Chisoni chake chanthawi yayitali.
Mabuku ena ovomerezeka a Joseph Roth
April
Sabina anaimba kale. Ndipo palibe mwezi wa Epulo wopanda kunyong'onyeka pomwe umatha kusungidwa mu kabati, pafupi ndi mtima. Palibenso ulemerero woposa nthawi, palibenso kukongola, palibenso kufotokozera kwa moyo wonse. Mulungu wathu woona ndi nthawi. Cronos yomwe imatiwonetsa mawonekedwe ake owonongeka a dziko lathu losinthika. Malingana ngati adzisungiradi zokondweretsa za kulingalira kosatha, kusangalala kosalekeza, kutengeka kosatha kwa chisangalalo.
“Sitimayo itaimanso n’kuyamba kuyenda bwinobwino, ndinagwedezera n’kumuyang’ana mtsikanayo m’maso. Chifukwa cha maonekedwe amenewo ndalemba nkhaniyi. M'nkhani yachidule iyi yolembedwa ndi Roth, wowerenga sadzapeza chidwi cha wolemba m'mabuku ake ambiri apambuyo pake, komanso nkhani yodzaza ndi zizindikiro, zinsinsi komanso kukongola kosangalatsa kwa wolemba wanzeru uyu.
