Mabuku atatu abwino kwambiri a Éric Vuillard

Potetezedwa ndi zopeka zakale, Eric Vuillard Amatenga mwayiwu kuti atipatse zolemba zomwe zimatha kuthawa momwe zikuwonekera kuti ziyimire zinthu zosangalatsa, zomwe zimathawa momwe zimakhalira nthawi yakale. Nkhani zomwe zimaloza ku lingaliro lakuti munthu wangwiro amathawa nthawi, zochitika ndi zochitika.

Kuchokera pa mbiri yakale komanso ndi malo osakanika owonera kanema, Vuillard akukopa otchulidwa ake komanso masomphenya omwe amayembekezeredwa nthawi zonse azinthu zopitilira muyeso, kutikonzekeretsa lingaliro loti titha kudzipeza tokha pachiyambi cha chinthu chosintha, chabwino kapena choyipa. Ndikudzibisa kwake kosintha, ndi lingaliro lake losatsutsika lodzikwaniritsa lokhazikika potengera mayendedwe obwereza ...

Ndipo kotero zolemba zakale ndi Vuillard akhala mbiri ya tsokalo, kuwonetseratu, kufotokozera zifukwa zofunikira zomwe zimayiwalika pakati pa nkhondo kapena kusintha kwamphamvuyi. Chifukwa tikangotseka kutsegulako, zomwezo sizimatulutsidwa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zonse zizingokhala bwino komanso zomwe zimawopseza kutiponyera mozama kuphompho komwe kumachitika nkhondo.

Ma Novel Ovomerezeka Atatu Olembedwa ndi Éric Vuillard

Kachitidwe ka tsikulo

Ntchito iliyonse yandale, ngakhale itakhala yabwino kapena yoipa, imafunikira zothandizira ziwiri zoyambira, zotchuka komanso zachuma.

Tidziwa kale kuti malo oberekera omwe anali ku Europe munthawi yamkati adatsogolera kukulira kwa anthu monga Hitler ndi Nazi yake yomwe idakhazikitsidwa kuyambira 1933 ... Koma chowonadi ndichakuti monga bungwe loterolo, ulamuliro woyambirira wa Nazi sunali wokhoza kuiyika., kufunkha pogwiritsa ntchito ndalama zilizonse ...

Kodi Hitler anakwanitsa bwanji kubweza cithandizo cofala cimeneci? Kodi ndalama zofunikira zidachokera kuti kuti mugwire ntchito yanu ndi njira yomaliza yamisala yophatikizidwa? Mbiri nthawi zina imasiya tsatanetsatane kuti, pazifukwa zilizonse, timatha kunyalanyaza, kunyalanyaza kapena kunyalanyaza ... Chifukwa inde, Hitler adapeza ndalama zake mwa amalonda otchuka monga Opel, Siemens, Bayer, Telefunken, Varta ndi makampani ena.

Sikuti akuimba mlandu koma kusonyeza mbiri yonse ya zochitikazo. Msonkhano mu February 1933 unasonkhanitsa akuluakulu azachuma ochokera ku dziko la Germany ndi Hitler mwiniyo. Mwinamwake ochita mafakitale amenewo analephera kupeza chimene iwo anali kuchita ndi chichirikizo chimenecho. Zitha kuganiziridwa kuti adangowona ndale wamphamvu yemwe ali ndi magnetism kwa anthu komanso ndi zolankhula komanso zokhoza kupititsa patsogolo chuma cha Germany chomwe chinayambanso kubangula ndi kuthekera kwa injini ya ku Ulaya.

Komanso tisaiwale kuti mkangano wosatalikirapo wa Nkhondo Yadziko Lonse ukadzutsa anthu ambiri a ku Germany kumverera kwadziko kwa dziko lomwe likukwera kuchokera ku kugonjetsedwa kwake. Zinthu zambiri zidapangitsa kuti msonkhanowu ukatha, Hitler akadapeza chithandizo kuti akwaniritse dongosolo lake la boma.

Ogwira ntchito m’mafakitale anafika ali otsimikiza kuti zokonda zawo zachuma zinali zophimbidwa bwino. Makina a Nazi anapeza mphamvu kuchokera m’masiku amenewo a February 1933. Chirichonse chinali kuyang’anizana ndi Hitler. Imfayo idaponyedwa. Tsatanetsatane wa zochitika zambiri za masiku amenewo zafotokozedwa m'buku ili lolembedwa kuchokera ku zochitika za mbiriyakale, kuchokera kumalo amdima ndi amwayi omwe zochitikazo zikhoza kuwoneka ...

Nkhondo ya anthu osauka

Nthawi zambiri mikangano yonse imakwezedwa ndimipando yayikulu yamphamvu, kuyigulitsa ngati kuthana kofunikira kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mwayi wolimbana ndi omwe akuukira omwe adalemba utoto wamantha ndi omwewo omwe amafunafuna phindu mwazi wa ena.

Pa nthawiyi, monga zidachitika ndipo sizichitika kawirikawiri m'dziko lathu lapansi, lingaliro, lingaliro la kulimbana kofunikira limabadwa kuchokera kumagulu omwewo a omwe sanalandire cholowa. Nkhondo zochepa zomwe zili zachilungamo ... Chaka cha 1524: alimi akuukira kum'mwera kwa Germany. Kuukiraku kukufalikira, kupeza otsatira mwachangu ku Switzerland ndi Alsace.

Pakati pa chipwirikiti, munthu wina amaonekera, wa zamulungu, wachinyamata yemwe amamenya nkhondo limodzi ndi zigawenga. Dzina lake ndi Thomas Müntzer. Moyo wake ndiwowopsa komanso wachikondi. Ngakhale mathero ake anali omvetsa chisoni, ofanana ndi otsatira ake, unali moyo womwe umayenera kukhala ndi moyo, chifukwa chake umayenera kuti uuzidwe ndi winawake. Palibe wina wabwino kuposa mphotho ya Goncourt Éric Vuillard yotsata mapazi a mlaliki ameneyo yemwe amafuna chilungamo.

Komanso kuwonetsa anthu ena omwe, monga a John Wyclif kapena a John Ball ku England zaka mazana awiri m'mbuyomu, kapena Jan Hus, adatsegula mpata, ndikuwonetsa Baibulo - lomwe lamasuliridwa kale m'zilankhulo zoyipa, ndipo uthenga wake umafikira aliyense -, adatsutsana ndi omwe anali ndi mwayi , mzimu womwe udalimbikitsa anthu olimba mtimawo umatsutsa zenizeni masiku athu ano: lero monga dzulo, ophedwa, omwe adalonjezedwa kufanana kumwamba, akudabwa: ndipo bwanji osapeza kufanana pano, Padziko Lapansi?

Nkhondo yakumadzulo

Nkhondo Yaikulu ndi zomwe zikuchitika. Nkhani zovomerezeka zosagwirizana zomwe zachitika chifukwa chonyozedwa komanso milandu yokhudza mtundu wonse wokhala ndi munthu m'modzi. A Vuillard nthawi zonse amadzipereka ku masomphenya ovuta kwambiri pamaso pa masomphenya ovomerezeka a opambana ndipo kuzunzika kokhazikika kwa omwe agonjetsedwa kumapereka mbiri yabwino ya zonsezi.

Mkangano umene Ulaya anayambitsa nawo zaka za m’ma 1900, Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse, unali kupha anthu ambiri popanda chifukwa chilichonse ndipo zoyambitsa zake zimawoneka ngati zopanda tanthauzo kwa ife. Zinayambitsa kugwa kwa maufumu angapo, kusintha kwakukulu ndi kuphana kosayerekezeka. Zonsezi zidachitika chifukwa chowombera ma revolver ochepa ...

Vric Vuillard, munjira yake yakale, yandale komanso yotsutsana, asankha malingaliro osasindikizidwa kuti afotokoze zigawo za Nkhondo Yaikulu yomwe kuyambira 1914 mpaka 1918 idapha Europe mpaka kufa, kuti ayang'ane za kuukira kwa Sarajevo, pamalingaliro aku Germany ndi France, ku Mgwirizano wosapeweka, m'malingaliro a oganiza ngati "ankhondo" ngati Schlieffen, Clausevitz ndi Carnot, ndikutsata zomwe zidachitika kunkhondo, komanso njira za omwe adapha anzawo. Popanda kuyiwala akufa, akaidi, omwe adathamangitsidwa komanso adulidwa ziwalo nkhondo itatha. Mwina zidatenga opitilira XNUMX miliyoni kufa, koyamba, manda awo onse amafanana.