3 ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืžืื™ื” ืœื•ื ื“ื”

ื™ืฉื ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื ืฆืœื™ื ื–'ืื ืจ ื‘ืขืœ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื–ื• ื”ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ื™ื“ืข ืžืขืžื™ืง ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ื›ืœื™ื. ื”ื›ืœ ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืื•ืชื” ื ื•ืกื—ืช ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื”ื˜ืขื ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืœืžืกื—ืจ ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื–ื• ืœืžืงื“ ืืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืœืงืจืืช ืจื•ืžื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ ืžื›ืจ. ื•ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ.

ื•ืื– ื™ืฉ ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžื’'ื” ืœื•ื ื“ื” ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื, ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ื–ื” ืžื–ื”. ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืœืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชื•ืจืŸ ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืชื ื” ื”ื–ื• ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœื ื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืืžืคืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜, ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืกื•ื•ื’ืช ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžืช ื’ื ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืžืกืคืงืช ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื”ื’ืขื” ืž ืกืคืจื•ืช ื ื•ืขืจ, ื›ื•ืชื‘ืช ื–ื• ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืœื ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื”ืงืฆืจื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืื•ืชืŸ ืจืง ื›ืกืคืจื•ืช ืขื“ื›ื ื™ืช, ื‘ื”ืžืชื ื” ืœื—ืœื•ืฃ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื” ืœืงืœืืกื™ืช ืื• ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœืื›ื–ื‘ื”. ื›ื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฆืคื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™, ืื• ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืžืžื ืกืจื” ืื—ืจืช ืœืชื•ืš ืชื•ืš -ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื–ืžื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืจืง ืœื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืžื’ื•ื•ื ืช ื•ืžืคืชื™ืขื”.

3 ื”ืจื•ืžื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืช Maja Lunde

ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื

ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืžืฆื™ืข ืœื ื• ื”ืฆืฆื•ืช ื“ืงื“ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื”. ื”ื™ืขืœืžื•ืชื ื”ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืื• ื’ื—ืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืื•ืชื ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืœื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•. ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืกื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ื›ื•ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื“ื‘ืฉ. ืื‘ืœ ื–ื”ื• ืฉืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœื•ื ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ืงื•ื“ื, ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื—ืจืงื™ื ื”"ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ".

ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื, ืจื•ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืจื‘ื’ื™ื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืืคื™ ื•ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื‘ื•, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉื–ื•ืจื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”, ืžื’'ื” ืœื•ื ื“ื” ืžื”ืจื”ืจืช ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื•ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ื”ื ืขื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ. ื‘ืฉื ืช 1852 ืื ื’ืœื™ื”, ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืื, ื—ื•ืงืจ ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ืกื•ื—ืจ ื–ืจืขื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืื•, ืžืชืงืฉื” ืœืคืชื— ื›ื•ื•ืจืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืฉืชืขื ื™ืง ืœื• ื•ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื• ืชื”ื™ืœื” ื•ื›ื‘ื•ื“.

ื’'ื•ืจื’ 'ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ื•ืจืŸ ืžืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉื‘ืฉื ืช 2007 ืฉื ืืช ื›ืœ ืชืงื•ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉื‘ื ื• ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื™ ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืขืกืง ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ืฉื”ื•ืงืจื‘. ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื ืช 2098, ืฉื‘ื” ื ืขืœืžื• ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืื™ืชื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ื“ื•ืข, ื˜ืื• ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœื”ืื‘ืงื” ื™ื“ื ื™ืช, ืžืชื•ืš ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื‘ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืฉืœื•. ืžื’'ื” ืœื•ื ื“ื” ืžื’ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ืจื•ืžืŸ ืฉืืคืชื ื™ ื–ื” ืงื ื‘ืก ื ืจื—ื‘ ืฉื‘ื•, ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืืช ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืฆื ื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื, ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื‘ื• ื”ื—ืจืงื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื™ื™ื›ื‘ื• ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื‘ื•ื—ื ืช ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขื•ืžืง ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ื•ืช, ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.

ืจื•ืžืŸ ื”ืžื™ื

ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื™ื—ื™ื” ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื•, ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื. ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืขื™ืงืฉ ืฉืœื ื• ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืจืก ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืืกื•ืŸ ื™ืกืชื™ื™ื, ื”ื›ืœ ื™ื™ื•ื•ืœื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ. ื›ืžื• ื‘ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ื–ืจ ื”ื”ื•ื ืฉืœ ืฆ'ืจื ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื’ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืœื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื—ื™ ื•ื”ืฆื•ืžื— ืžืชืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื”ืคืจืื™ ืฉืœ ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืžื—ื“ืฉ. ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื“ื™ืกื˜ื•ืคื™ื”. ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื™ืคืฉื•ืช ื•ืœืฉืื ื ื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื”ืขื™ื•ื•ืจืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื™ืฉ ืจืง ืฉื‘ื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ืชืงื•ื•ื”.

ืžื” ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื“ืจืš ื—ื–ืจื”? ืžื” ืื ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ืคื™ืš? ืจื•ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืฉืคื ื™ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื.

ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื™ื•ืฆื ืกื™ื’ืŸ, ืคืขื™ืœ ื‘ืŸ ืฉื‘ืขื™ื, ืœืžืกืข ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ืœื—ืฆื•ืช ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก โ€‹โ€‹ืฉืœื ื‘ืกื™ืจืช ืžืคืจืฉ. ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ื›ื•ืœืœืช: ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ืžื’ื ื•ืก, ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ, ื”ืžื“ืœื“ืœ ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืงืจื— ืœืกืขื•ื“ื™ื” ื›ืคืจื™ื˜ ื™ื•ืงืจื”.

ื‘ืฉื ืช 2041 ื ืžืœื˜ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื‘ืชื• ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื” ืœื• ืžื“ืจื•ื ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืฉื ืคื’ืขื• ืžืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ. ื”ื ื ืคืจื“ื• ืžืฉืืจ ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื ื•ื”ื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ื ื•ืืฉื•ืช ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืฉื”ื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืช ืกืคื™ื ืช ื”ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ื”ื ื˜ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืกื™ื’ืŸ ื‘ื’ืŸ ื™ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืฆืจืคืช, ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืžื”ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘.

ื›ืืฉืจ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ ื•ืœื• ืžื’ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืกืขื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืกื™ื ื”, ืžืกืข ื”ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืžืฉืชืœื‘ ืขื ืกื™ื’ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื˜ื•ื•ืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื”ืฉืจืื” ื•ืžืจื’ืฉ ืขืœ ื›ื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ืจื•ื— ื”ืื“ื.

ืจื•ืžืŸ ื”ืžื™ื

ืงืจื‘

ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืกื“ืจืช Fama ืงื™ืจื‘ื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื—ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืจื™ืงื•ื“ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื, ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืœืžื—ื•ืœ ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื. ื”ืฆื™ื’ื• ืืช ืชื•ืคืขืช ื‘ื™ืœื™ ืืœื™ื•ื˜ ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžื ... ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืจื™ืงื•ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืื ื›ื™ ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ืื•ืคืงื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ืžื” ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืคื ื• ืœืงืฆื‘ ื”ืžื•ืกื™ืงื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ื•. ืžืฉืืœื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉืคืข.

ืœืืžืœื™ ื™ืฉ ื”ื›ืœ: ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ืŸ ืœืžื—ื•ืœ, ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืžื—ื•ืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื•ืกืœื•, ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืœืื™ ืคืืจ. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื›ืœ ืžืฉืชื ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืขืกืง ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ื• ืงื•ืจืก ื•ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื“ื™ืจื” ืคืจื‘ืจื™ืช ืงื˜ื ื”.

ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ืคื•ื’ืฉ ืืช ืžื™ืงืืœ, ืจืงื“ืŸ ื”ื™ืค ื”ื•ืค ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื•ืขื“ ืžื”ืจื” ื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืจืงื•ื“ ื™ื—ื“. ืื ื›ื™, ื”ืื ืจื™ืงื•ื“ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืื—ื“ ืฉื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื•ืฆืื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืฉื•ื ื”? ื‘ืจื•ืžืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื™ืงื•ื“ ืžืœื•ื›ืœืš ืœืกื˜ืค ืืค, ืžื’'ื” ืœื•ื ื“ื”, ืื—ืช ื”ืกื•ืคืจื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืจื•ื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช, ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ืžืจื’ืฉืช ืขืœ ืื”ื‘ื” ืœืžื—ื•ืœ ื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœืกืจื˜ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2018.

ืงืจื‘ ืžืืช Maja Lunde
ืคื•ืกื˜ ื“ืจื’

ื”ืขืจื” ืื—ืช ืขืœ ยซ1 ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ Maja Lundeยป

ื”ืฉืื™ืจื• ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉ Akismet ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ื“ื•ืืจ ื–ื‘ืœ. ืœืžื“ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ื”ืขืจื” ืฉืœืš.