3 ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืื’ืจื•ืฃ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ

ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื”ื™ื” ื›ื ื™ื, ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืกื“ืจืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืจื•ืงื™, ื”ืื’ืจื•ืฃ ื–ื›ื” ืœืืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืจืง ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื–ื” ืฉืกื™ืœื‘ืกื˜ืจ ืกื˜ืืœื•ืŸ ื ืชื•ืŸ ืœืืœืฃ ื•ืื—ืช ืžื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื”ืŸ ื™ืฆื ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืžื ืฆื— ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ืฉืง ืœืงื ื‘ืก, ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื’ื ืกืคืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืคื’ื™ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ืจื•ื›ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืœื—ื™ืžื” ืคื ื™ื ืืœ ืคื ื™ื ืขื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืฆืžื. ื›ื™ ืขื ื›ืœ ืื’ืจื•ืฃ ืฉื ื–ืจืง ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื•ืฉ ื–ืขื ื•ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืคืจ ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื™ืจื™ื‘.

ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื›ื™ื ื—ื–ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ื›ืคืคื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจ ื”ืžื™ืชืจื™ื. ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชืื’ืจืคื™ื ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืœื—ื™ืžื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืจืžื•ืช, ืฉืœ ืขื™ืžื•ืช ืขื ื—ื•ืกืจ ืžื–ืœ, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืฉืœ ื›ื ื™ืขื” ืกื•ืคื™ืช ืœืื‘ื“ื•ืŸ. ื›ื™ ืชื”ื™ืœืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขืช ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืจืง ืžืกื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ืชื‘ื•ืกื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉืžื”. ื ืฉืžื” ื”ืฉื•ื›ื ืช ื›ืืœื˜ืจ ืื’ื• ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืจื™ืืŸ ื’ืจื™ื™ ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื”ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื ื—ืจื™ืฆื™ ื”ืงื™ื•ื.

ืœื ืฉื›ืœ ืžืชืื’ืจืฃ ื ื•ืฉื ืืช ื”ืคืŸ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืขืกื™ืกื™ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื”ื™ืœื” ืœืื‘ื“ื•ืŸ. ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืชื•ืืžื•ืช. ื•ืขืœ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื ื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืคืจื“ื•ืงืก ื”ืžืจืชืง, ื”ืืžื‘ื™ื•ื•ืœื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื•ืชื‘ื•ืกื” ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ืžืฆื ืคื ื™ื ืืœ ืคื ื™ื. ืžืจื•ืงื™ ืžืจืฆื™ืื ื• ื•ืขื“ ืžื•ื—ืžื“ ืขืœื™ ืื• ื”ื•ืจื™ืงืŸ ืงืจื˜ืจ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช. ืื• ืžืื•ืจื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืคืจื™ืงื• ืคืจื ื ื“ืก. ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ืžืงืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืืœื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืื• ืคื•ืœื™ ื“ื™ืื–, ืฆืœ ื”ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื” ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืœื•ื—ืžื™ื ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืงืœืœื•ืช ื”ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื•ืก.

3 ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืื’ืจื•ืฃ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ

ืžืœืš ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืžืืช ื“ื•ื“ ืจืžื ื™ืง

ื›ืฉื‘ืื•ืชื• ืœื™ืœื” ื‘-1964, ืžื•ื—ืžื“ ืขืœื™, ืื– ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ื›ืงืกื™ื•ืก ืงืœื™ื™, ืงืคืฅ ืœื–ื™ืจื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืžื•ืœ ืกื•ื ื™ ืœื™ืกื˜ื•ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื ืชืคืก ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื›ื•ืœื ื›ืขืœ ืžื’ื•ื ื” ืžืขืฆื‘ืŸ ืฉื–ื– ื•ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™. ืฉื™ืฉื” ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืขืœื™ ื”ืคืš ืœื ืจืง ืœืืœื•ืฃ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ ื›ื‘ื“: ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” "ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ" ืฉืขืชื™ื“ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ื’ื–ืขื™ืช, ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ืช ื•ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืืžืจื™ืงื”.

ื‘ื—ืงืจ ืขืœื™ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ืขืœื™ ืžื—ื“ืจื™ ื”ื›ื•ืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืœื•ืื™ืกื•ื•ื™ืœ, ืงื ื˜ืงื™, ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื“ ืฉืœ ืขื•ืฉืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืœื•, ื•ืžืกืคืง ื“ื™ื•ืงืŸ ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ื™ื”ืœื• ืืช ื”ืขืกืง, ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ ื”ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืฉืœื˜ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜, ื ื•ืจืžืŸ ืžื™ื™ืœืจ ื ื•ืขื– ื•ืฉืœ ืžืœืงื•ื X ื”ืื ื™ื’ืžื˜ื™.

ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืœื›ื“ ืืช ืขืœื™ ืขื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ืชืฉื•ืงื” ื•ื—ื›ืžื” ื›ืžื• ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ ืจืžื ื™ืง, ื–ื•ื›ื” ืคืจืก ืคื•ืœื™ืฆืจ ื•ืžื ื”ืœ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืงืจ. ืื‘ืœ ืžืœืš ื”ืขื•ืœื ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ: ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื›ืจื•ื ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืื—ืช ื”ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกื—ืจื—ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช - ื”ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืคืœื -; ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืฆื“ืง ืขื ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื—ืŸ, ื”ืื•ืžืฅ, ื”ื”ื•ืžื•ืจ ื•ื”ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ืื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืจืชืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื–ืžื ื ื•.

ืžืชื•ืš ืื’ืจื•ืฃ, ืžืืช ื’'ื•ื™ืก ืงืจื•ืœ ืื•ื˜ืก

ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืž ื’'ื•ื™ืก ืงืจื•ืœ ืื•ื˜ืก ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกืคืจื•ืช ืื’ืจื•ืฃ. ืœืขืจืš ื”ื–ื” ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืกืคืง ืžื™ื“ืข ื˜ื›ื ื™ ืขืœ ืขื ืฃ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื”ื–ื”, ืืœื ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื”ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื•, ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืคื™ืช ืœื˜ืจื’ื™ืช ื”ืžืงืฉืจืช ืขื ื”ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช, ื ืขื•ืจื™ื ื ืฆื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืืœืžื•ื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™...

ืฉืœ ืื™ื’ืจื•ืฃ ื–ื”ื• ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜, ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ ื•ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืจื’ืฉื•ืช. ื–ื” ืžื›ื” ืื•ืชืš ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœืš ืœ ืงืคื™ืฆื•ืช, ื•ื•ื™ื ืื• ื™ืฉืจ ื™ืžื™ืŸ. ื–ื” ืžืฆื™ื‘ ืื•ืชืš ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื—ื•ืกืจ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชืš ืจืง ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“: ืžืชืื’ืจืฃ.

ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืกื•ืคืจืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ืช ื”ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ื™ื•ืฆืงืช ื”ืจื”ื•ืจื™ื ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชื” ืขื ื™ื™ื” ื•ืขืงืฉื ื™ืช, ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื—, ืœื•ืงื—ืช ืืช ืžื‘ื˜ื” ื•ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืืช ืžื‘ื˜ื ื• ืืœ ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ ื”ืื™ื’ืจื•ืฃ, ืชื•ืจืžืช ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื ื•ืฉื ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืืจื ืกื˜ ื”ืžื™ื ื’ื•ื•ื™ ืื• ืžืืจืง ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ: ืื’ืจื•ืฃ ื›ืžื˜ืืคื•ืจื”, ื›ืžื—ื–ื” ื•ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ืื’ืจื•ืฃ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืจืื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกืคืจื•ืช, ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข ื•ื ืฉื™ื.

ื›ืœ ื”ืืžืช

ืื ื™ืฉ ืžืชืื’ืจืฃ ืžื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืฉืืช ืืช ื”ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ืชื•ืก ื”ืชื”ื™ืœื” ื•ื”ืื‘ื“ื•ืŸ, ื–ื” ืœืœื ืกืคืง ื˜ื™ื™ืกื•ืŸ. ื—ื•ืกืจ ื™ืจื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื• ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื ื•ืฆื— ืฉื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœืคืกื’ื” ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืชื”ื•ื ...

ืื™ื’ืจื•ืฃ, ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืกื•ืŸ, ื”ื™ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืžื•ื•ืช. ื”ื•ื ื’ื“ืœ ืœืœื ืื‘ื, ืžื•ืงืฃ ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืขื• ืืช ืื”ื‘ืชื ืืœื™ื• ื‘ืžื›ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ืขื“ ืœืœืขื’ ืžืฆื“ ื ืขืจื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืžืฆื•ื, ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืื™ื’ืจื•ืฃ, ืืช ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืžื™ืœื•ื˜ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืขืฉืจื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืืœื•ืฃ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ ื›ื‘ื“ ื•ืœื, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช, ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืขืจ.

ืื‘ืœ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืœื•, ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช. ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื”, ืฉื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืกื•ืŸ ื ื›ื ืก ืœื›ืœื, ืฉื ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื ืขื ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“: ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืช ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืœืขืฆื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื”ืžืกื•ืžื ืช ืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื•ืžืœืœื•ืช ื•ืื™ื’ืจื•ืฃ, ืืœื ื’ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชื”ื™ืœื”, ืขืœ ื›ืกืฃ, ืขืœ ืกืžื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื, ื”ื›ืœ. ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ื™ืกื•ืŸ, ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื“ื, ืฉืœ ืื’ื“ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื˜ื‘ืขืช ื•ืžื—ื•ืฆื” ืœื”. "ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืืคื™ ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืฉื ืœื—ื ื ื’ื“ ืคื—ื“ื™ื•." ืกืคื™ื™ืง ืœื™ "ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืžื•ืฉืœื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกืจื˜ ื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื ื• ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืงืฆืจ ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ื ื•ื•ืœืฃ". Michiko Kakutani, ื”ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื˜ื™ื™ืžืก "ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ ื•ืจื•ื“ืฃ. ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืชื•ืกืก ื›ืžื• ืžืขื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื." ื•ื•ืœ ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜ ื’'ื•ืจื ืœ.

ืคื•ืกื˜ ื“ืจื’

ื”ืฉืื™ืจื• ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉ Akismet ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ื“ื•ืืจ ื–ื‘ืœ. ืœืžื“ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ื”ืขืจื” ืฉืœืš.