ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ Abdulrazak Gurnah

ื”ืคืจืก ืคืจืก ื ื•ื‘ืœ ืœืกืคืจื•ืช 2021 ื‘ื™ืจืš ืกื•ืคืจ ื˜ื ื–ื ื™ ื›ืžื• ื’ื•ืจื ื” ืžืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ื”ืกื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• ืžื•ืจืงืžื™ ืื• ื—ืื‘ื™ื™ืจ ืžืจื™ืืก ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื’ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืคืจืก ื ื•ื‘ืœ ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื”, ืขื ืื•ืชื• ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจืข ืฉืœื ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืœืขืชื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช ืืช ืžื™ ืฉื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืขืžื“ ืœืคืจืก.

ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉ Abdulrazak Gurnah ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืฉืœื•. ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืœื›ืœ ื–ื•ื›ื” ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœื• ืžืื– ืฉื“ื™ืœืŸ ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืคืจืก ื”ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืขื•ืœืžื™ื•ืช. ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืข, ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืืžื™ืจืช ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื”ื”ื™ื ืฉืœืจื•ื‘ ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืจื”, ื›ืžื• ื”ื™ื™ืงื• ืฉืžืขืœื” ืืช ืขืจื›ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืชื•ืจืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืฆื“ืงื•ืช ืžื”ืกื•ื’: "ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื”ืžื•ื—ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื‘ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ "ืื•" ื”ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืืคื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืขื•ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ... ".

ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจื ื”, ื”ื–ืจื™ืงื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืœื•ื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื”. ื”ื›ืœ ืžืคืจื™ื–ืžื” ืชื•ืš -ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืžื˜ืขื™ื ื” ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ื•ืื—ืช ืžื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืžืคืชื™ื”. ื•ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื’ื•ืจื ื” ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ื”ื–ื• ืžืขื™ื ื™ ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•. ื›ืš ืžื•ืฉื’ืช ืกืคืจื•ืช ืขื ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช, ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืงืจื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืงื•ื˜ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื.

ืžืžืชื™ืŸ ืœื”ื•ืฆืื” ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช ื•ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืฉืคื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื”ื ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืขื ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืขื“ ื›ื” ืฉืœ ื Abdulrazak Gurnah ื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืื—ื“, ืžื” ื ื•ื‘ืœ 2021, ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืื™ ืฉืœืš: ื–ื ื–ื™ื‘ืจ.

3 ื”ืจื•ืžื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ Abdulrazak Gurnah

ืคืืจื™ืกื•

ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืฉื ืจืื” ืžื™ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืงื•ืจ ืขืฉื™ืจ ืฉืžืžื ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืขื ืŸ ืืช ื”ืกืชื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•. ืจืืฉื™ืช ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืชื’ืœื” ืขื•ืœื ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื•, ืฉื ื™ืช ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืคืจื•ื–ืื™ืช, ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ื’ื ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ืจื•ืขื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืจืง ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืžืœื˜ ืžืžื ื”.

ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื”ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ืช, ืขืจื‘ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื ืขืจ ืกื•ื•ืื”ื™ืœื™ ืฉื—ื•ืœื ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ืžื•ื–ืจื™ื ืขื•ื–ื‘ ืืช ื‘ื™ืชื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ื“ ืขื–ื™ื–, ืกื•ื—ืจ ืขืจื‘ื™ ืขืฉื™ืจ ืžื”ื—ื•ืฃ. ื‘ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื™ื–ื•ื ื–ื”, ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื™ื•ืกื•ืฃ ืจื•ื›ืฉ ื”ื™ื ืฉืขื–ื™ื– ืื™ื ื• ื“ื•ื“ื•: ืื‘ื™ื•, ืคื•ืฉื˜ ืจื’ืœ, ืžื›ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืœืคื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ื—ืœืง ืžื—ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื•.

ื™ื•ืกื•ืฃ ื ืืœืฅ ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื—ื ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืขื–ื™ื–, ื•ืžื˜ืคืœ ื’ื ื‘ื’ื™ื ื” ื”ืžื•ืงืคืช ื—ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืื“ื•ื ื™ื•, ืื•ืชื• ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืง ืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื ื—ืœื™ื. ื‘ื’ื™ื ื” ื”ืžื•ืฆืคื ืช, ืื”ื‘ื•ืช ืกื•ื“ื™ ืฆื•ืจื›ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื. ืžืจืื•ืช ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืืฉืชื• ื”ืขืฆื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืขื•ื•ืชืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืืกื˜ืจ ืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ืช ื•ืžืจื’ืœืช ืื•ืชื•. ื ืขืจืช ืžืฉืจืชืช ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืกื•ืฃ ืžืื—ืœ ืœื”ื ืœืœื ืชืงื•ื•ื”. ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื–ืจื™ื ืžื”ื“ื”ื“ื™ื ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ื–ืจื™ื: ืคื ื™ื ืืคืœื” ืฉืœ ืืคืจื™ืงื”, ื”ืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืœื™ืงื ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ื, ืืชืจ ื’ืŸ ื”ืขื“ืŸ ื”ืืจืฆื™ ืฉื“ืœืชื•ืชื™ื• ืžืงื™ืคื•ืช ืืฉ.

ื’ืŸ ื”ืขื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจื ื”

ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืื—ืจื™

ื‘ืขื•ื“ื• ื™ืœื“, ืื™ืœื™ืืก ื ืœืงื— ืžื”ื•ืจื™ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืงื•ืœื•ื ื™ืืœื™ื™ื ื’ืจืžื ื™ื; ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื•ืช ื•ืงืจื‘ ื ื’ื“ ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื•, ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœืขื™ืจ ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื•, ืฉื ื ืขืœืžื• ื”ื•ืจื™ื• ื•ืื—ื•ืชื• ืขืคื™ื” ื ืžืกืจื” ืœืื™ืžื•ืฅ. ืฆืขื™ืจ ืื—ืจ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ: ื—ืžื–ื” ืœื ื ื’ื ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื, ืืœื ื ืžื›ืจ. ืขื ืจืง ื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื’ื‘, ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืžื—ืคืฉ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ... ื•ืืช ืื”ื‘ืชื” ืฉืœ ืขืคื™ื” ื”ื™ืคื”.

ื”ืžืื” ื”-XNUMX ืจืง ื”ื—ืœื” ื•ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ื, ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื, ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ื ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ืœืงื• ืืช ื™ื‘ืฉืช ืืคืจื™ืงื”. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืฉื•ืจื“ื™ื ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืฉืงื ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื, ื”ืฆืœ ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉืช ืื—ืจืช ืžืื™ื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืื•ืชื ืฉื•ื‘.

ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืื—ืจื™

ื—ื•ืฃ ื™ื

ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื ืฉืืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื”ื’ืจื™ ื’ืŸ ื”ืขื“ืŸ ืขื ื™ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื”ื™ื ื•ื ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœื”ื. ืชืžื™ื“ ื ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืื™ ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ื•ืกืจื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ืขื•ื–ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื™ ืžืืฉืจ ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืื™ ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืงืœืืกื˜ืจื•ืคื•ื‘ื™ื”. ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ื”ืคื•ื›ื”, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืชืคื™ืกื” ืื’ื•ืจื•ืคื•ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื“ื™, ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื–ืจ.

"ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™, ืื ื™ ื’ืจ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืงื˜ื ื” ืœื™ื“ ื”ื™ื, ืืš ืจื•ื‘ื• ืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื—ื•ืคื™ ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก โ€‹โ€‹ื™ืจื•ืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืจื—ื•ืง ืžืื•ื“ ืžื›ืืŸ." ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ืื—ืจ ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื” -13 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ, ืกืืœื— ืขื•ืžืจ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื“ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื’ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืง. ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžื˜ืขืŸ, ืงื•ืคืกืช ืžื”ื’ื•ื ื™ ืžืœืื” ืงื˜ื•ืจืช. ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคืœื™ื˜ ื”ืžื•ื’ืŸ ื‘ื“ืžืžื”. ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ืœื˜ื™ืฃ ืžื—ืžื•ื“, ืžืฉื•ืจืจ, ืžื•ืจื” ื•ื’ืœื•ืช ืžืจืฆื•ืŸ, ื’ืจ ืœื‘ื“ื• ื‘ื“ื™ืจืชื• ื”ืฉืงื˜ื” ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ.

ื’ืŸ ื”ืขื“ืŸ ืฉืฉื ื™ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืขื–ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ื–ื ื–ื™ื‘ืจ, ืื™ ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก โ€‹โ€‹ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืฉื ืกื—ืฃ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื•ื ืกื•ื ื™ื, ื”ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ืกื•ื—ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื•ืฉื ื•ื”ืชื‘ืœื™ื ื™ื. ื›ืฉื”ื ืคื•ื’ืฉื™ื ืขื™ื™ืจืช ื—ื•ืฃ ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช, ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ืฉื”ื—ืœื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืชืคืจืง: ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื•ืช, ืคื™ืชื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืื›ื–ื‘ื•ืช, ืขืงื™ืจื•ืช ืžืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช.

ื—ื•ืฃ ื™ื

ืกืคืจื™ื ืžื•ืžืœืฆื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื Abdulrazak Gurnah...

ืฉืงื˜ ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ

ืžื™ ืฉื•ืชืง ืœื ื ื•ืชืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืืžื™ืจื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืœื ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช. ืžื™ ืฉื ืฉืืจ ืฉืงื˜ ืฉื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื•, ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ืžื• ืงื•ืคืกืช ืคื ื“ื•ืจื”. ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืขืฆื ืฉืชื™ืงืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ืจ. ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืš ื—ืœื•ืฃ ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื•ื”ืขื•ืžืก ื”ืฉืงื˜ ื”ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื•ืคืœ ื›ืžื• ื—ื•ืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ืœืžืขืœื”, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื”ืงื™ื ื”ืจื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื‘ื ื”.

ื‘ืจื•ืžืŸ ื–ื”, ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืืœืืœืฃ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1998, ืžื›ื›ื‘ ืคืœื™ื˜ ืžื–ื–ื™ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืื– ืฉื ืžืœื˜ ืžืื“ืžืชื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื• ืฉื, ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืจื ืก ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื•ืจืื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื ื. ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ, ื”ื•ื ืžืงื™ื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืขื ืืžื”, ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ืช ืžืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ื•ืจื’ื ื™ืช ืฉืื™ืชื” ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื‘ืช ื‘ืช 17. ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื’ื–ืจืช ื—ื ื™ื ื” ื‘ืืจืฆื•, ืืžื• ืžื–ืžื™ื ื” ืื•ืชื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืœื” ืื™ืฉื”, ื‘ืœื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื—ื•ืœืง ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืขื ืื“ื ืื—ืจ, ื•ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื’ื ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืื™ืชื”.

ืฉืชื™ืงื” ืžืขื•ืจืคืœืช, ืžื’ื•ืจื ื”
ืคื•ืกื˜ ื“ืจื’

ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืื—ืช ืขืœ ยซืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ Abdulrazak Gurnahยป

ื”ืฉืื™ืจื• ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉ Akismet ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ื“ื•ืืจ ื–ื‘ืœ. ืœืžื“ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ื”ืขืจื” ืฉืœืš.