Mafi kyawun marubutan Faransa 10

Gaskiyar ita ce labarin Faransanci ya mamaye yawancin manyan masu ba da labari da masu ba da labari. Daga jiya da yau. Duk da kasancewa kusa da na bakwai ko na takwas a cikin yarukan da ake magana da su a duniya, taɓawar harshen Faransanci koyaushe yana jan hankalin masu karatu da yawa. Amma babu abin da zai kasance na wannan adabin Faransanci ba tare da manyan marubutansa ba. Tunda Víctor Hugo o Alexander dumas har zuwa houllebecq, ɗimbin marubutan Faransanci suna ba da ayyukan riga na duniya.

Gaskiya ne cewa a cikin zaɓe na mafi kyawun marubuta na kowace ƙasa Yawancin lokaci ina mai da hankali kan ƙarni na XNUMXth da XNUMXst, a mafi yawan na ceci wani marubuci daga karni na XNUMX. Yana game da zaɓar daga ra'ayi na zahiri tare da kusancin harshe, ba shakka. Amma abin shine, idan muka sami masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, wane malami ne zai yi kuskure ya nuna Jules Verne a matsayin mafi kyau fiye da Proust kuma bisa menene ...?

Don haka, idan daga jami'a ko matakin ilimi ba zai yiwu a yi alamar abin da ya fi kyau ba, dole ne mu zama masu sauƙi masu sauƙi waɗanda ke ƙaddamar da kanmu don nunawa tare da kawai abubuwan da suka dace. Kuma a nan na bar nawa. Zaɓin abin da a gare ni shine manyan goma tare da mafi kyawun marubuta a Faransa.

Manyan marubutan Faransa 10 da aka ba da shawarar

Alexander Dumas. kasada mai mahimmanci

A gare ni, babban mai karanta ƙarin littattafan zamani, duk marubucin da ya gabata yana farawa da rashin lahani. Sai dai game da Alexandre Dumas. Ƙididdigansa na Monte Cristo ya yi kama da Quixote kawai, ƙari, yanayinsa mai duhu game da ɗaukar fansa, rashin sa'a, ɓarnar zuciya, makoma da kowane fanni da ke nuni ga almara daga ɓangarori daban-daban kamar yadda kasada ta yi tafiya ta rayuwa zuwa fannonin babban ɗan adam. zurfin.

Amma shi ne cewa, ban da abin da aka ambata a baya akwai wani muhimmin aiki. Duk sun fito ne daga hannu, wasiƙa da alqalami na wannan marubucin duniya. Alexander dumas ƙirƙira Ƙidayar Monte Cristo da Musketeers 3. Ayyukan guda biyu, kuma nawa daga baya ya zo game da waɗannan haruffan, ya sanya Dumas a saman masu ƙirƙirar adabi. Tabbas, kamar yadda kusan koyaushe yake, aikin Alexander Dumas yana da yawa sosai, tare da buga littattafai sama da 60 iri iri. Novel, wasan kwaikwayo ko muƙala, babu abin da ya tsere wa alkalaminsa.

Turai a tsakiyar karni na goma sha tara an rarrabashi cikin azuzuwan, wanda tuni tattalin arzikin ya zarce na sarauta, zuriya da madaidaiciyar dogaro da wani nau'in "bautar." Sabuwar bautar ita ce babban canji na masana'antu, injin da ke haɓaka. Juyin halitta ba zai gushe ba kuma rashin daidaituwa sananne ne a cikin manyan biranen shigo da mutane da yawa. Dumas marubuci ne mai himma, mashahurin labari, na makirce -makirce da niyyar yaɗa nagarta da mugunta, amma koyaushe tare da mahimmin abu na suka.

Shari'a tare da ɗayan sabbin bugu na "The Count of Monte Cristo":

Julio Verne. fiye da fantasy

Kasada da fantasy cikin daidaitawa tare da duniyar da ke kan ƙarshen zamani a matsayin baƙon canji bayan duhu, tsoffin tatsuniyoyi da imani waɗanda suka dace da ƙasa da ƙasa da duniya mai zuwa. Jules Verne shine mafi kyawun tarihin canjin lokaci daga mahimmin ra'ayi mai ban mamaki wanda ke aiki azaman misali da hyperbole.

Jules Verne ya fito a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin magabatan nau'in almara na kimiyya. Bayan waƙoƙinsa da ƙulluwar sa zuwa wasan kwaikwayo, adadi ya yi tafiyarsa ya wuce har zuwa yau a cikin wancan mai ba da labari zuwa iyakokin duniyar da aka sani da iyakokin ɗan adam. Adabi a matsayin kasada da kishirwar ilimi.

A cikin muhallin rayuwa na karni na goma sha tara na wannan marubucin, duniya ta motsa cikin yanayi mai ban sha'awa na zamani wanda aka samu godiya ga Kasuwancin Ayyuka. Inji da ƙarin injina, abubuwan da aka ƙera na injiniya waɗanda ke iya rage aiki da motsi da sauri daga wuri guda zuwa wani wuri, amma a lokaci guda duniya har yanzu tana da duhu, wanda ba a san kimiyya gaba ɗaya ba. A cikin ƙasar ba-mutum akwai babban sarari don Jules Verne halittar adabi. Ruhu mai balaguro da ruhu mai nutsuwa, Jules Verne ya kasance abin tunatarwa akan yadda har yanzu akwai sauran sani.

Dukanmu mun karanta wani abu daga Jules Verne, tun muna ƙarami ko kuma mun riga mun wuce shekaru. Wannan marubucin koyaushe yana da ra'ayi mai ban sha'awa ga kowane zamani da jigogi don kowane dandano.

Victor Hugo. almara ruhi

Mawallafi kamar Víctor Hugo ya zama babban abin tunani don ganin duniya a ƙarƙashin wannan romantic priism hali na lokacinsa. Halin duniyar da ta shiga tsakanin esoteric da zamani, lokacin da injina ke samar da arzikin masana'antu da zullumi a cikin birane masu cunkoso. Zamanin da a cikin wadancan garuruwan suka kasance tare da kyawawan dabi'u na sabon bourgeoisie da duhun ma'aikata da wasu da'irori suka tsara a cikin yunkurin juyin juya hali na zamantakewa.

Ya bambanta hakan Victor Hugo ya san yadda ake kamawa a cikin aikin adabinsa. Littattafai da suka himmatu ga akida, tare da canza niyya ta wata hanya da rayayye, shiri mai ban sha'awa. Labarun da har yanzu ana karanta su tare da sha'awar gaske game da sarƙaƙƙiyar tsarinsu. Les Miserables shine babban labari, amma akwai abubuwa da yawa da za a gano a cikin wannan marubucin.

Marcel Proust. Falsafa ta yi jayayya

Kyautar da aka yiwa alama alama wani lokacin tana buƙatar daidaiton diyya. Marcel Proust yana da mahalicci na asali, amma sabanin haka ya girma tun yana yaro mai ƙoshin lafiya. Ko wataƙila duk saboda shirin ɗaya ne. Daga rauni, ana samun ƙwarewa ta musamman, ra'ayi a gefen rayuwa, dama mara misaltuwa don mai da hankali ga kyautar ƙira ga matsalolin rayuwa. wanzuwar.

Domin daga rauni ne kawai za a iya haifar da tawaye, sha'awar sadarwa rashin gamsuwa da rashin fata. Littattafai, shimfiɗar jariri na rayuka sun lalace ga bala'i, sublimation na masu hasara da kuma tunanin wanda ba mu da gaske. A cikin cikakken sauyi tsakanin ƙarni na goma sha tara da na ashirin, Proust ya fi kowa sanin dangantakar rayuwa, yana mika wuya ga motsin ƙuruciyarsa don tara kansa lokacin da ya kai balaga.

Masoyan Proust sun samu a cikin babban gwaninsa "A cikin neman ɓataccen lokaci" wani abin jin daɗin adabi, da wasu juzu'i suna sauƙaƙe kusanci zuwa waccan ɗakin karatu mai ban mamaki a cikin tsari:

A gefe guda, mafi girman wahalar rubutun almara na wanzu yana cikin yuwuwar haɓakar falsafa. Don gujewa wannan ƙarfi na tsakiya wanda ke jagorantar marubuci zuwa rijiyoyin tunani kuma wanda ke rikitar da haruffa da saiti, ana buƙatar mahimmin mahimmanci, gudummawar fantasy ko aiki mai ƙarfi (tunani, tunani kuma na iya zama aiki, gwargwadon yadda suke matsar da mai karatu tsakanin abubuwan jin daɗi, tsakanin tsinkaye a cikin tsarin tarihin da bai taɓa tsayawa ba). A cikin wannan daidaituwa ne kawai Proust zai iya ƙirƙirar babban aikinsa A cikin Neman Lost Lost, wannan rukunin litattafan da aka haɗa tare da zaren biyu, mai daɗi ko ɗanɗano da jin rashi, na bala'i.

A ƙarshe ya mutu yana da shekaru 49, wataƙila manufarsa a wannan duniyar, idan wannan duniyar tana da manufa ko ƙaddara, za a rufe ta sosai. Aikin sa shine taron adabi.

Marguerite Yourcenar. Alƙalami mafi dacewa

Writersan marubuta kaɗan ne aka sani waɗanda suka sanya sunan alƙibla sunansu na hukuma, nesa da al'ada ko mashahurin amfani da ke hidimar tallan tallace -tallace, ko wanda ke wakiltar ɓarna ga marubuci ya zama mutum daban. Dangane da Marguerite crayencour, da yin amfani da sunan sunanta na anagrammed, da zarar ta zama ƴar ƙasar Amurka a 1947, a cikin matsayi na shahararriyar Yourcenar da ta riga ta kasance a duniya.

Tsakanin almara da na asali, wannan gaskiyar tana nuni ga canjin kyauta tsakanin mutum da marubuci. Domin Marguerite crayencour, sadaukar da kai ga adabi a cikin dukkan bayyanarsa; mai binciken haruffa daga asalin sa; kuma tare da yalwar ikonsa na ilimi zuwa zurfin ilimi a cikin tsari da sifa, koyaushe yana motsawa tare da ƙuduri mai ƙarfi da jajircewar adabi a matsayin hanyar rayuwa kuma azaman tashar da muhimmiyar shaidar ɗan adam a cikin tarihi.

Horon adabi na koyar da kai, irin na mace wacce samarin ta yayi daidai da Babban Yaƙin, an inganta damuwar ta ta hankali daga siffar mahaifinta. Tare da asalin aristocratic, wanda babban rikicin Turai na farko ya buge, adadi na mahaifin manomi ya ba da damar karfafawa budurwar baiwa.

A farkon kwanakinta na marubuci (tun tana ɗan shekara ashirin, ta riga ta rubuta litattafan ta na farko) ta sanya wannan aikin ya dace da fassarar manyan marubutan Anglo-Saxon irin nata a cikin yarenta na Faransanci. Virginia Woolf o Henry James.

Kuma gaskiyar ita ce a duk tsawon rayuwarta ta ci gaba da wannan aikin biyu na haɓaka halittar ta ko ceton Faransanci ayyuka mafi ƙima a tsakanin tsoffin Helenanci ko duk wasu abubuwan kirkirar da suka kai mata hari a yawan tafiye -tafiyen ta.

An gane nasa oeuvre na Marguerite a matsayin babban tsari na ayyuka, mai cike da hikima a cikin wani tsari mai mahimmanci kamar yadda yake haskakawa. Littattafai, kasidu ko labarun wannan marubucin Faransanci sun haɗu da siffa mai haske tare da abubuwa masu wuce gona da iri. Amincewa da duk sadaukarwarta ya zo ne tare da fitowarta a matsayin mace ta farko da ta fara shiga Kwalejin Faransa, a cikin 1980. Ga wani littafi tare da wasu daga cikin kasidunta:

Annie Ernaux. labarin almara

Babu wallafe-wallafen da aka yi kamar wanda ke ba da hangen nesa na tarihin rayuwa. Kuma ba wai kawai jawo abubuwan tunawa da gogewa ba ne don tsara makirci daga mafi tsananin yanayin da aka fuskanta a lokutan tarihi masu duhu. Ga Annie Ernaux, duk abin da aka ruwaito yana ɗaukar wani nau'i ta hanyar sanya makircin gaskiya a cikin mutum na farko. Haƙiƙa mafi kusa wanda ke cika da gaskiya. Siffofin wallafe-wallafensa suna samun ma'ana mafi girma kuma abin da aka tsara na ƙarshe shine canji na gaske don zama wasu rayuka.

Kuma ruhin Ernaux yana ma'amala da rubutawa, haɗa tsafta, clairvoyance, sha'awa da ɗanɗano, wani nau'in hankali na tunani a sabis na kowane nau'in labarai, daga ra'ayin mutum na farko zuwa kwaikwayi rayuwar yau da kullun wanda ke ƙare mu duka a cikin kowane ɗayan. al'amuran da aka gabatar mana.

Tare da wani sabon abu don cikakkiyar daidaituwar ɗan adam, Ernaux ya gaya mana game da rayuwarsa da rayuwarmu, yana aiwatar da al'amuran kamar wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo inda muka ƙare ganin kanmu akan mataki muna karanta abubuwan da suka saba da tunani da ɗigon tunani da aka ƙaddara. don bayyana abin da ke faruwa tare da shirme na ingantawa wanda shine wanzuwar da zai sa hannu iri ɗaya kundera.

Ba mu samu a cikin littafin littafin marubucin nan ba Lambar Nobel ta Adabi a shekarar 2022 wani labari da aka tilasta ta hanyar aikin a matsayin wadatar makirci. Kuma duk da haka yana da sihiri don ganin yadda rayuwa ta ci gaba tare da wannan baƙon jinkirin jinkirin lokacin da za a iya tura shi a ƙarshe, da bambanci, zuwa shuɗewar shekarun da ba a yarda da su ba. Adabi sun yi sihiri na wucewar lokaci tsakanin damuwar ɗan adam na mafi kusa. Ga ɗaya daga cikin sanannun littattafansa:

Michel Houellebecq. Bukowski na Faransa

tun daga wancan Michael Thomas, ya buga littafinsa na farko tare da gidan wallafe-wallafe mai daraja amma daga 'yan tsiraru masu rinjaye, ya riga ya jawo rashin tsari, acid da hangen nesa mai mahimmanci don tayar da lamiri ko viscera. Tare da wannan labari-bellicose yanayi, kadan zan iya tunanin cewa zai kawo karshen bude har zuwa ga masu karatu daga kowane bakan. Sophistication a bayan wani mãkirci na iya ƙare har kasancewa mai gamsarwa ga kowane mai karatu idan sigar, marufi, yaren kai tsaye yana ba da damar samun damar zuwa wannan filin hankali. Wanne iri ɗaya ne, sanin yadda ake zamewa tsakanin aikin rayuwa, kashi na hemlock. A ƙarshe, Michel ya yayyafa aikinsa tare da littattafai masu rikice-rikice da zazzaɓi. Ba tare da shakka ba, wannan yana nufin cewa labarinsa yana farkawa kuma yana motsa ruhin da ya fi kowane mai karatu.

Y Michel Houellebecq yana samun wannan daidaituwa a kusan duk abin da ya shirya faɗi. A cikin salon a Paul auster cewa zai watsa tunaninsa a cikin litattafai na yanzu, almara na kimiyya ko kasidu. Kwatanta ko da yaushe yana tayar da rashin fahimta. Kuma gaskiyar ita ce, labari na yanzu, na zamani, mai bincikowa bai taɓa gano tafarki iri ɗaya ba tsakanin mafi yawan masu yin sa. Amma dole ne ka dogara da wani abu don tabbatar da darajar marubuci. Idan a gare ni Houellebecq yana warware jigon Auster a wasu lokuta, da kyau haka ta kasance ...

Bangaren almararsa na kimiyya wani bangare ne da nake matukar son wannan marubucin. Har da Margaret Atwood An ba da shi a cikin littafinsa mai suna The Maid ɗimbin lamiri mai haɓaka dystopia, Michel ya yi haka tare da kwanan nan " Yiwuwar tsibiri", ɗaya daga cikin waɗancan labarun da, bayan lokaci, yana samun darajar da yake da shi, lokacin da lokuta suka kai kan gaba na tunani. mahaliccin da ya kare a cikin wannan novel. Ga sauran, akwai abubuwa da yawa da za a zaɓa daga cikin "Michel de surname unpronounceable", kuma ga ra'ayoyina game da shi… Ga ɗaya daga cikin sabbin littattafansa:

Albert Camus. wanzuwa a matsayin kasada

A matsayin marubuci mai wanzuwa mai kyau, wataƙila mafi yawan wakilan wannan yanayin ko salo, Albert Camus ya san yana bukatar yin rubutu da wuri. Yana da ma'ana cewa ɗaya daga cikin marubutan da suka yi ƙoƙari mafi yawa don amfani da almara don isa ga ruhi a cikin ma'anarsa ta ƙarshe, ya fito a matsayin marubuci tun lokacin da matasa ke tura wannan ilimin na rayuwa. Kasancewa a matsayin waccan ƙasar da ke ƙaruwa da zarar an yi watsi da ƙuruciya.

Daga wannan bambancin da aka haifa tare da balaga ya zo da rarrabuwa na Camus, jin cewa, sau ɗaya a waje da aljanna, mutum yana zaune cikin nisantar juna, cikin zato cewa gaskiya rashin hankali ne wanda aka ɓoye kamar imani, manufa da motsawa.

Yana jin ɗan fatalistic, kuma yana da. Don kasancewar Camus shine yin shakkar komai, har zuwa iyaka da hauka. Littattafansa guda uku da aka buga (dole ne mu tuna cewa ya mutu yana da shekaru 46) suna ba mu haske game da gaskiyar mu, ta hanyar halayen da suka ɓace a cikin kansu. Amma duk da haka yana da ban sha'awa a mika wuya ga wannan ɗan adam tsirara na fasaha. Abin jin daɗin adabi da hankali na gaskiya. Ga ɗaya daga cikin sabbin bugu na "Baƙi":

Fred Vargas. Mafi kyawun noir

Ni da kaina ina la'akari da hakan lokacin da marubuci ke so Fred vargas ya kasance tare da cikakken haske a cikin nau'in bincike fiye da ɗabi'ar baƙar fata, dole ne ya kasance saboda har yanzu yana son haɓaka wannan fasahar ta labari mai bincike na musamman, inda ake ɗaukar mutuwa da aikata laifi a matsayin abin ƙyama kuma makirci yana tasowa zuwa gano wanda ya yi kisan, a cikin ƙalubalen da aka gabatar ga mai karatu.

Lokacin da wannan ƙugiya ta yi kyau sosai, babu buƙatar neman ƙarin kayan haɗi masu ban sha'awa ko abubuwan ban sha'awa waɗanda ke yada duk nau'ikan zamantakewa. Da wannan ba na ragewa daga litattafan laifuka ba (akasin haka, tunda yana ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan da na fi so), amma ina jaddada ikon kirki don mamakin Connan da o Agatha Christie lokacin da ake ganin an rubuta komai a wannan yanki.

Gaskiya ne cewa tatsuniyar tatsuniyoyi ko ma daɗaɗɗen taɓawa da ke kewaye da makircin na iya ba da fara'a ta musamman yayin tura mai karatu zuwa ga al'amuran da binciken ya yi ta ɓarna da ɓangarori, amma a ciki ya ta'allaka ne Fred Vargas fasaha don daidaita komai tare da kyawawan halaye a la Sherlock Holmes.

Don haka duk godiyata ga marubuci a bayan sunan Fred Vargas da ƙudurin ta na rubuta mafi kyawun 'yan sanda tare da tunatar da tsoffin asirai waɗanda aka haɗa cikin kaɗan daga cikin littafanta. Kodayake kuma gaskiya ne cewa babban maganadisu na nau'in noir koyaushe yana ƙare har ya ɗaga wasu al'amuran ...

Na ceci wani littafi na musamman na Fred Vargas tare da mai kula da shi Adamsberg a matsayin jarumi a cikin al'amura daban-daban:

Jean-Paul Sartre. Hasken da aka tumɓuke

Manufafiyar da aka ƙaddara wa ɗan adam, kuma aka kai ta ga sakamakonsa na ƙarshe, koyaushe yana fuskantar hagu, zuwa zamantakewa, zuwa kariya ta ƙasa ga ɗan ƙasa da kuma wuce gona da iri na kasuwa wanda, 'yanci daga duk alaƙa, koyaushe yana ƙarewa yana iyakancewa. samun wadata (Idan da an bar kasuwa komai, zai ƙare da lalata kansa, wannan a bayyane yake a yanayin da ake ciki yanzu).

Kasancewa mai manufa a cikin wannan ma'anar kuma mai wanzuwa daga cikin ilimin falsafa ya kai shi ga Jean Paul Sartre (tare da duk wanda matarsa ​​ta kasance Hoton Simone de Beauvior). Existentialism a cikin tsananin adabi da sadaukarwa da nuna rashin amincewa a kowane yanki na rubutu tsakanin zamantakewa da falsafa.

Kasancewa kuma babu wani abu tabbas shine naka mafi kyawun aiki, na tinge na falsafa amma tare da labarin zamantakewa Turai ta lalace bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. Muhimmin littafi ne na haziƙi Sartre wanda ya raya masu tunani amma kuma marubuci. Hanya na watsa duniya (ko abin da ya rage daga gare ta), wanda ya zama binciken ɗan adam amma wanda kuma ya zama tushen tushen asusu da yawa da kuma tarihin cikin gida na waɗanda suka yi yaƙin (wato, na duka)