Chomh fada agus a bhaineann le hinsint ghearr, Anton Chekhov bĂonn sĂ© mar thagairt bhunĂșsach dâaon duine atĂĄ i ngrĂĄ leis an sainchĂșram, leis an tsintĂ©is, leis na scĂ©alta beaga iontacha atĂĄ in ann croĂlĂĄr an domhain a fhanann sa rud a mholtar a tharchur, sa mhĂ©id a fhĂłgraĂtear go simplĂ.
Is Ă© atĂĄ sa scĂ©al nĂĄ cur isteach ar shaol duine, lĂ©amh iomlĂĄn ar fĂ©idir taitneamh a bhaint as ar thuras chuig ĂĄit ar bith nĂł mar thionlacan sula n-Ă©irĂonn leat codladh. Agus san fhoirfeacht ghairid sin Tagann Chekhov chun cinn mar an genius is mĂł ar fad. Is fĂ©idir smaoineamh ort fĂ©in mar scrĂbhneoir mar gheall ar thiomantas a thabhairt duit fĂ©in mar scrĂbhneoir. Is cosĂșil go ndĂrĂonn gach scĂ©alaĂ ar a ĂșrscĂ©al deiridh, an ceann a osclaĂonn cruinne nĂos iomlĂĄine agus nĂos casta.
NĂor scrĂobh Chekhov ĂșrscĂ©al riamh sa chiall de shaothar toirtiĂșil agus caipitiĂșil le cur chuige soilĂ©ir, forbairt agus clabhsĂșr. Agus fĂłs fĂ©in, tĂĄ a shaothar tar Ă©is maireachtĂĄil go dtĂ an lĂĄ inniu leis an bhfeidhm chĂ©anna is atĂĄ ag aon ghuth eile. Go feadh mĂ©id go, in Ă©ineacht le Tolstoy y Dostoyevsky, dĂ©anann sĂ© triolĂłg dhoshĂĄraithe de litrĂocht na RĂșise agus an domhain a chumadh, as a Ă©agsĂșlacht agus a doimhneacht.
BhĂ a thĂșs marcĂĄilte de rĂ©ir riachtanas. BhĂ Ă©ileamh mĂłr ar scrĂbhneoirĂ mar shaghas colĂșnaĂ ficsin in aimsir Chekhov. Nuair a bheidh sĂ© comhdhlĂșite, nĂor stop sĂ© ag scrĂobh faoi mhionteagasc, le smaoineamh an starĂłgach, den radharc aonair mar an lĂ©iriĂș is fearr ar cĂ© muid fĂ©in.
3 leabhar riachtanacha ag Chekhov saor in aisce,
Scéal leadrånach agus scéalta eile
TĂĄ Chekhov a fhionnadh ag dul isteach sna cĂ©imeanna sin a dtĂ©ann gach cruthaitheoir trĂothu de ghnĂĄth. CĂ©imeanna marcĂĄilte ag riachtanas nĂł cuardach. Sa rogha seo tĂĄ na chĂ©ad scĂ©alta lĂĄn le greann aoir le feiceĂĄil, chomh maith le cinn eile atĂĄ nĂos doimhne isteach sa eiseach.
Achoimre: TiomsaĂonn an dĂolaim scĂ©alta a chuirimid i lĂĄthair duit sampla saibhir agus Ă©agsĂșil dĂĄ chuid ealaĂne, Ăł scĂ©alta a laethanta tosaigh, pĂosaĂ greannmhara blasta, gan tĂșs nĂĄ deireadh, a chuireann in iĂșl go hiomlĂĄn aeistĂ©itic Chekhov: simplĂocht agus gĂ©ire, go na scĂ©alta nĂos casta Ăłna thrĂ©imhse aibĂochta, Ăł 1886, nuair a nochtar lionn dubh Chekhovian gan iota greann a chailleadh.
TĂĄ na teidil seo a leanas sa roghnĂș a chuirimid ar fĂĄil: ScĂ©al leadrĂĄnach, Kashtanka, Carachtar enigmatic, Buachaill cosanta, An clĂșmhilleadh, Cluiche na Sualainne, The malefactor, Rinne sĂ© an nĂłta agus The showgirl. Ar an gcĂ©ad amharc, is cosĂșil nach bhfuil iontu ach blĂșirĂ den saol a thĂ©ann thart, ach i ndĂĄirĂre is toradh iad ar an ealaĂn is iomlĂĄine.
FaoileĂĄn; an triĂșr deirfiĂșracha; Uncail Vania
Deirtear gurb Ă© an lionn dubh an t-ĂĄthas a bhaineann le bheith brĂłnach. Paradacsa a bhaineann i gcĂĄs Chekhov lena laige fhisiciĂșil ach freisin lena dhearcadh marfach ar a thĂr agus ar an domhan.
Sna scĂ©alta seo tugann sĂ© dea-shampla den scrĂbhneoir atĂĄ in ann na mothĂșchĂĄin is doimhne, sintĂ©isithe, comhdhlĂșite a threorĂș, ag tarchur na ndaoine is doimhne i ndomhan atĂĄ i ndĂĄn dĂł an tsibhialtacht is measa a shaothrĂș.
Achoimre: LĂ©irĂonn na saothair drĂĄmatĂșla seo dĂșinn an meath ar shochaĂ ard na RĂșise dĂreach roimh an titim. Sa chĂĄs seo, na carachtair a bhfuil a fhios acu go bhfuil sĂ© de phribhlĂ©id acu dul i mbun caos, imoibrĂonn siad ar bhealaĂ an-difriĂșla ag brath ar a bpearsantacht: drochamhras agus amhras sna breathnadĂłirĂ is soilĂ©ire agus is Ăogaire, tedium agus neamhĂĄbaltacht freagairt sna cinn is leochailĂ.
LĂ©irĂonn Chekhov ina chuid oibre na contrĂĄrthachtaĂ ar shaol sĂłisialta a thĂre ag deireadh an naoĂș haois dĂ©ag agus ar an oĂche roimh an rĂ©abhlĂłid dhaonlathach bourgeois Ăł 1905 go 1907. DĂ©anann sĂ© cur sĂos go hĂorĂłnach agus go neamhthrĂłcaireach ar dhĂghrĂĄdĂș de rĂ©ir a chĂ©ile, go heacnamaĂoch agus go cultĂșrtha, ar an tĂr a tugadh i dtĂr uaisle. ag dĂriĂș a aird ar chinniĂșint a aicme shĂłisialta fĂ©in.
Thug Chekhov athrĂș radacach isteach i bhfoirmeacha na drĂĄmaĂochta, ag tabhairt struchtĂșr nua do ghnĂomhaĂocht dhrĂĄmatĂșil a fhĂ©adann aon lĂ©iriĂș ar an saol a chuimsiĂș. Le comharbas simplĂ de phictiĂșir laethĂșla gnĂłthaĂonn sĂ© imprisean ginearĂĄlta, uaireanta an-dĂ©ine.
CĂșig ĂșrscĂ©al ghearra
Leath bealaigh idir an scĂ©al sĂnte agus an t-ainmfhocal, roinneann na cĂșig roghnĂș seo an smaoineamh faoi duibheagĂĄn shochaĂ na RĂșise ag an am, agus gĂ©illeadh na gcarachtar i ngach ceann de na scĂ©alta.
An bua mar mhothĂșchĂĄin Ă©agsĂșla ar chinniĂșint fhorchurtha i measc calma marbh a bhfuil an chuma air uaireanta go gcrapann sĂ© go himnĂoch.
Achoimre: Cheap Anton P. Chekhov mĂłdĂșlacht insinte nua nach raibh an fad faoi stiĂșir ag coinbhinsiĂșin chineĂĄlacha, ach ag ĂĄbhar an scĂ©il fĂ©in. Sna CĂșig ĂșrscĂ©al ghearra roghnaithe agus aistrithe ag VĂctor Gallego, feicimid ar aon chuma a mhĂĄistreacht ar am a ghabhĂĄil agus Ă© a lĂ©iriĂș go hinsintiĂșil, gan aon fhĂ©ilire eile seachas an ceann atĂĄ leagtha sĂos ag gnĂomhartha agus neamhghnĂomhartha na gcarachtar fĂ©in.
Is saothair aibĂochta iad uile: "ScĂ©al leadrĂĄnach" (1889), "The duel" (1891), "Seomra uimhir a sĂ©" (1892), "ScĂ©al strainsĂ©ir" (1893) agus "TrĂ bliana" (1895).
Cad Ă© «anlatı kipliÄi» fear?
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