Is cuimhin liom tionchar na hidirghabhĂĄla ag Noam Chomsky sa choimhlint reatha le rĂ©igiĂșn na CatalĂłine. NĂos mĂł nĂĄ rud ar bith, toisc go mbĂonn tĂș ag sĂșil i gcĂłnaĂ Ăł intleachteach le hidirghabhĂĄil tomhaiste, socair, ag dĂ©anamh anailĂse ar na fĂricĂ agus ar an tsubstaint. Ach ar ndĂłigh, tĂĄ sĂ© chomh tempting na laethanta seo glacadh le teas ceaptha libertarian, fiĂș mĂĄ cheiltĂonn sĂ© dĂșil amhĂĄin santach ...
Toisc go ndĂoltar gur deighilteoir CatalĂłnach Ă© mar chĂșis Ă©asca sa domhan sibhialta. FĂ©adfaidh sĂ© a bheith aontĂș ar an oiread sin peacaĂ in ainneoin fĂor-lagaithe ar chearta bunĂșsacha; faillĂ socheolaĂoch agus polaitiĂșil ainsealach in ĂĄiteanna eile ar domhan; ĂirĂ as oifig ar iarmhĂ©ideanna fĂor-riachtanach iadâŠ. GnĂomhaĂocht salon.
Agus ar ndĂłigh, cĂ© eile a dhĂ©anann nĂos lĂș (i measc an iliomad daoine a cheaptar a bhĂ fĂĄgtha ar chlĂ©, ach a bhĂ go maith as sa saol ciniciĂșil seo uaireanta), a gcuid crĂ©achtaĂ brĂ©aga a scriosadh trĂna thaispeĂĄint go bhfuil siad daingean leis an gcĂșis is lĂș agus is nĂĄire de tĂĄ na cĂșiseanna brĂ©ag-rĂ©abhlĂłideacha go lĂ©ir ann.
Agus ansin tagann fear cosĂșil le JosĂ© MĂșjica, iar-uachtarĂĄn Uragua, go fĂrinneach scoite Ăł gach rud a bhaineann leis an bhfĂ©incheartas agus leis an lukewarmness. lucht fĂĄgtha rĂ©abhlĂłideach brĂ©agach. Sea, fĂĄgann JosĂ© MĂșjica an t-iriseoir ar dualgas ag an gcainĂ©al pro-deighilteachta CatalĂłinis is cĂĄiliĂșla gan urlabhra agus insĂonn sĂ© dĂł nach bhfuil i ngluaiseacht neamhspleĂĄchas na CatalĂłine ach fĂ©iniĂșlacht. Agus nach bhfuil an ghluaiseacht rud ar bith daonlathach.
Ach lean ort, cĂĄineadh ar leataobh, nĂ fĂ©idir neamhaird a dhĂ©anamh de nach bhfuil i seasamh morĂĄlta Chomsky ar an gceist seo ach laitĂse faille ar fĂ©idir linn go lĂ©ir a ĂșsĂĄid ag aon am faoi leith, in Ă©agmais fĂorchĂșiseanna ĂĄirithe lena mbaineann ĂĄr bprionsabail eiticiĂșla.
Ar leataobh, mar sin tĂĄ a shaothar, leabharliosta an-fhairsing a thugann, i mĂłrĂĄn cĂĄsanna, fĂs shaibhrithe dĂșinn ar thodhchaĂ ĂĄr laethanta. Agus sea, is Ășdar lĂĄn-inmholta Ă© ina chuid ensayos gar dâfhĂs chriticiĂșil agus fiĂș fealsĂșnachta.
Na 3 Leabhar Molta is Fearr le Noam Chomsky
Oideachas comhaimseartha (un)
Chuaigh mĂ© i ngleic leis an leabhar seo spreagtha ag lĂ©amha comhchosĂșla eile a thug aird ar an gcĂłras oideachais mar ailse do, go beacht, go leor de na mic lĂ©inn is cumasaĂ agus is cruthaithĂ. Is fĂor go dtagann daoine eile isteach, go ndĂ©anann siad staidĂ©ar, go bhfaigheann siad cĂ©imeanna agus go n-Ă©irĂonn siad fir ĂșsĂĄideacha.
Is Ă an cheist nĂĄ iad siĂșd a thiteann ar thaobh an bhĂłthair. DĂĄ bhfĂ©adfainn staitisticĂ IQ a dhĂ©anamh gan cĂ©im, go hĂĄirithe sna leibhĂ©il luatha ina bhfuil siad nĂos Ăłige, is cinnte go mbeadh iontas orainn. Baineann sĂ© leis an mania a bhaineann le heagrĂș go pointe eacstais, le struchtĂșrĂș go pointe orgiasticity. Agus ansin fanann na daoine a bhunaigh an cĂłras an-socair, cosĂșil le nuair a thĂ©ann siad go dtĂ an seomra folctha, gan smaoineamh ar go leor gnĂ©ithe ĂĄbhartha eile chun an fhoghlaim a chur chun cinn, agus is Ă© sin gan amhras an toil riachtanach chun foghlaim agus spreagadh mar an fĂłrsa tiomĂĄna a ghnĂomhaĂonn Ă©.
Gan dul isteach sna gnĂ©ithe seo a leagtar amach, leagann Chomsky bĂ©im ar ghnĂ© riachtanach eile, cur chun cinn na critice, tabhairt isteach an nĂłisin intleachtĂșil sin go mbeadh an duine Ăłg sĂĄsta gach rud a athmhachnamh. NĂl aon dogma gur mian le buachaill restless glacadh leis go dĂreach toisc. Agus is ualach ollmhĂłr Ă© sin. AithnĂtear Noam Chomsky ar fud an domhain mar dhuine de mhĂłr-intleachtĂłirĂ agus oideachasĂłirĂ an 20Ăș haois. Agus fĂłs, go dtĂ seo, nĂ raibh a chuid scrĂbhinnĂ ar oideachas agus ar mhĂ-oideachas na saorĂĄnach bailithe in aon leabhar. Sa mhĂ©id seo, dĂ©anann an teangeolaĂ mĂłr MeiriceĂĄnach cĂĄineadh gĂ©ar ar an gcĂłras oideachais atĂĄ againn faoi lĂĄthair.
Agus muid ag tabhairt aghaidh ar an smaoineamh go mĂșintear luachanna daonlathacha inĂĄr scoileanna, is Ă© atĂĄ ann i ndĂĄirĂre nĂĄ samhail teagaisc coilĂneach atĂĄ deartha go prĂomha chun mĂșinteoirĂ a oiliĂșint a ndĂ©antar a gnĂ© intleachtĂșil a dhĂluachĂĄil agus a gcuirtear casta nĂłsanna imeachta agus teicnĂcĂ ina ionad; samhail a choisceann smaointeoireacht chriticiĂșil agus neamhspleĂĄch, nach gceadaĂonn rĂ©asĂșnaĂocht faoi na rudaĂ atĂĄ i bhfolach taobh thiar de na mĂnithe agus a shocraĂonn, ar an gcĂșis seo, na mĂnithe sin mar na cinn is fĂ©idir. Is annamh a iarrann mĂșinteoirĂ ar mhic lĂ©inn anailĂs a dhĂ©anamh ar na struchtĂșir pholaitiĂșla agus shĂłisialta a chuireann lena saol. Is annamh a iarrtar ar mhic lĂ©inn an fhĂrinne a fhĂĄil amach dĂłibh fĂ©in.
Sa leabhar seo, solĂĄthraĂonn Chomsky uirlisĂ den scoth dĂșinn chun an cineĂĄl seo teagaisc a dhĂchĂłimeĂĄil atĂĄ deartha le haghaidh ceansĂș na saorĂĄnach: mĂĄ dhiĂșltaĂonn oideachasĂłirĂ an oiliĂșint theicneolaĂoch a dhĂ©anann iad a intleachtĂș chun a bheith ina n-intleachtĂłirĂ barĂĄntĂșla a shĂ©anann hypocrisy, Ă©agĂłir shĂłisialta agus ainnise daonna, dĂ©anfaidh siad iarr ar mhic lĂ©inn tabhairt faoin dĂșshlĂĄn maidir le lĂ©aslĂnte an daonlathais agus na saorĂĄnachta a leathnĂș agus, in Ă©ineacht leo, oibreoidh siad chun domhan nach bhfuil chomh idirdhealaitheach, nĂos daonlathaĂ, nĂos lĂș dĂdhaonraithe agus nĂos cothroime a thĂłgĂĄil.
CĂ© a rialaĂonn an domhan?
DealraĂonn sĂ© dochreidte go bhfuil a fhios ag an oiread sin againn, go bhfuil amhras orainn nĂł go bhfuil amhras orainn ar a laghad agus, os a choinne sin, an seomra beag le haghaidh ainlithe atĂĄ againn. TĂĄ sĂ© cineĂĄl cosĂșil le Big Brother, Ăł Orwell nĂł saol sona na huxley, an domhan nua, an fhĂrinne nua, nĂł ar a dtugtar faoi lĂĄthair, an iar-fhĂrinne. Is cuma cĂ© chomh mĂĄistriĂșil a thĂ©ann Chomsky isteach i gcroĂlĂĄr an ĂĄbhair, is cosĂșil gur misean dodhĂ©anta Ă© an mĂșscailt.
DâfhĂ©adfadh go n-ardĂłdh nĂłisean uafĂĄsach an domhain mhĂłir, aontaithe ag an domhandĂș, agus Ă© ag Ă©ileamh ceartais shĂłisialta, nĂ folĂĄir nĂł go raibh sĂ© chomh scanrĂșil sin ar na cumhachtaĂ gur ghlac siad orthu fĂ©in an guth a chur ina thost. In anailĂs ghreannmhar choinsiasach a dhĂ©anamh ar an staid idirnĂĄisiĂșnta faoi lĂĄthair, ĂĄitĂonn Chomsky go bhfuil na StĂĄit Aontaithe, trĂna bheartais mhĂleata den chuid is mĂł agus a ndĂograis gan teorainn le hImpireacht dhomhanda a chothabhĂĄil, i mbaol tubaiste a scriosfadh earraĂ coitianta an phlĂĄinĂ©id.
Ag tarraingt ar rĂ©imse leathan samplaĂ, Ăłn gclĂĄr feallmharĂș drĂłn atĂĄ ag leathnĂș go bagairt an chogaidh nĂșiclĂ©ach, go dtĂ na hotspots a lĂ©irĂonn na coinbhleachtaĂ san IarĂĄic, san IarĂĄin, san AfganastĂĄin agus in Iosrael-an PhalaistĂn, tugann Chomsky lĂ©argas gan choinne agus Ă© luchtaithe le nuances faoin oibrĂocht. de chumhacht impiriĂșil ar phlĂĄinĂ©id atĂĄ ag Ă©irĂ nĂos caoithiĂșla.
Agus Ă© ag dul thart, solĂĄthraĂonn an t-Ășdar staidĂ©ar iontach ar an gcaoi a bhfuil mionlach MheiriceĂĄ inslithe nĂos mĂł Ăł cibĂ© srianta a fhĂ©achann an daonlathas a fhorchur ar a gcumhacht. De rĂ©ir mar a thiomsaĂtear mĂłrchuid an daonra go leithscĂ©al - atreoraĂtear iad i dtreo tomhaltachais nĂł fuath na ndaoine leochaileacha - tĂĄ cead ag corparĂĄidĂ agus daoine saibhre a dhĂ©anamh mar is mian leo.
Ailtireacht na teanga
Uirlis, arm, cainĂ©al cumarsĂĄide agus freisin torann. TĂĄ breithniĂș meafarach ar ĂĄr mbealach riachtanach chun smaointe, mothĂșchĂĄin, coincheapa, cur chuige, scĂ©alta agus cumadĂłireacht intleachtĂșil eile a dhĂ©antar i mbriathra a tharchur, Ăł thaobh an mhiotaleangeolaĂochta de. Toisc an mĂ©id atĂĄ beartaithe againn a chur in iĂșl is fĂ©idir linn a thabhairt faoi cheilt a dhĂ©anamh ar an mĂ©id a deirimid. NĂł, os a choinne sin, is fĂ©idir linn an fĂor-rĂșn nach raibh sĂ© i gceist a chur in iĂșl go soilĂ©ir a nochtadh. Is Ă© an rud riachtanach gramadaĂ.
Ach fiĂș Ăłn ĂĄbhar simplĂ a dhĂ©anann staidĂ©ar ar fhocail agus ar an mbealach chun abairtĂ a chruthĂș, cuireann sĂ© lĂ©argais ar fĂĄil cheana fĂ©in ar rĂșnacht teanga, fiĂș ina fhĂs thĂreolaĂoch. CruthaĂtear teangacha bunaithe ar idiosyncrasies a muintire. Agus tugann Chomsky cuntas maith ar seo go lĂ©ir i leabhar mĂĄistreacht ar ĂĄr modhanna cumarsĂĄide go bunĂșsach.
Tugadh "gramadach giniĂșna" ar a chur chuige i leith staidĂ©ar ar theangacha agus d'athraigh sĂ© ĂĄr dtuiscint ar theangacha daonna agus ar chĂłrais chognaĂoch eile. Sa leabhar seo dĂ©anann Chomsky machnamh ar stair an âghramadaĂâ seo agus comhthĂĄthaĂonn sĂ© ceisteanna fealsĂșnachta agus coincheapĂșla le himscrĂșduithe eimpĂreacha.
FeabhsaĂtear an stĂl bhrĂomhar agus mhealltach a bhfuil meas ag Chomsky air i bplĂ© deiridh an-tarraingteach le hollĂșna ollscoile oirirce, a chuimsĂonn teangeolaĂocht, sealbhĂș teanga, teoiric teanga, agus an intinn. Ina chuid freagraĂ flaithiĂșla ar rĂ©imse leathan ceisteanna, tĂ©ann Chomsky i ngleic le ceisteanna bunĂșsacha faoi riocht an duine. Mar sin, cuirfidh an leabhar spĂ©is i dteangeolaithe gairmiĂșla agus sa phobal i gcoitinne.
4 trĂĄcht ar "Na 3 leabhar is fearr le Noam Chomsky"