An pointe tosaigh i dtreo rath Elvira rac-cheol mar Ășdar a tharla in 2016 lena cuid oibre "Imperiophobia agus an finscĂ©al dubh: an RĂłimh, an RĂșis, na StĂĄit Aontaithe agus Impireacht na SpĂĄinne". Ach le bheith ann, agus an clairvoyance sin forbartha Ăłna phrĂłs incisive agus simplĂ, bhĂ go leor oibre taighde ann roimhe seo.
Go leor leabhar eile agus an oiliĂșint riachtanach chun a bheith cinnte faoin bhfĂrinne. FĂrinne a brĂșitear chomh leanĂșnach sa lĂĄ atĂĄ inniu ann agus, dĂĄ bhrĂ sin, gur gĂĄ Ă a tharrthĂĄil.
TĂĄ go leor eagna riachtanach ag an bhfealsĂșnacht. Is Ă© atĂĄ i gceist le hĂ©abhlĂłid na teanga a nochtadh nĂĄ eolas a bheith acu ar na fĂrinnĂ inrochtana sin, atĂĄ curtha go hĂ©asca ag daoine a bhfuil muinĂn acu cĂĄsanna a fhorchur atĂĄ an-difriĂșil Ăłn mĂ©id a tharla.
Is cuimhin liom filĂolaĂ iomrĂĄiteach reatha eile a dazzles freisin sa rĂ©imse liteartha, a Irene Vallejo a dhĂrĂonn ar rĂ©imsĂ eile eolais, a fhreastalaĂonn ar na fĂrinnĂ sin faoinĂĄr ndomhan, ag cur teagmhĂĄil liriceach le clasaicigh an domhain ĂĄrsa.
Ag filleadh ar an mĂ©id a bhĂ againn, is Ă© an pointe nĂĄ le rath gan fasach a chuid ensayo, Lean Elvira ag scaoileadh leabhair nua le teilgean scaipthe nĂos mĂł nuair a aimsĂodh iad ar chĂșis an phobail mar Ășdar mĂłr, dĂ©antĂłir an mhĂorĂșilt bhig sin atĂĄ mar chur chuige gach duine i leith na fĂrinne.
Na 3 leabhar is fearr a mhol MarĂa Elvira Roca Barea
Imperiophobia agus finscĂ©al dubh: an RĂłimh, an RĂșis, na StĂĄit Aontaithe agus Impireacht na SpĂĄinne
Is iad na fĂrinnĂ is mĂchompordach iad siĂșd a fhĂ©adann tĂłgĂĄlacha leasmhara a scriosadh. Is Ă© atĂĄ sa leabhar seo nĂĄ an fhĂrinne thromchĂșiseach sin, atĂĄ chomh follasach sin i bhfianaise na fĂrinne a leanann as go ndĂ©anann sĂ© an oiread sin iarrachtaĂ dĂograiseacha an fhĂrinne a mhaslĂș le blush agus nĂĄire.
NĂ hĂ© go raibh an concas agus impireacht na SpĂĄinne dĂĄ bharr ina idirthuras naive de shaighdiĂșirĂ na SpĂĄinne ag dĂĄileadh blĂĄthanna. NĂ hamhlaidh a bhĂ i gcĂĄs ar bith. Ach nĂ fĂor gur ĂłcĂĄid ââthubaisteach a bhĂ ann teacht na SpĂĄinne go MeiriceĂĄ. TĂĄ cĂĄipĂ©isĂocht ollmhĂłr ann dĂłibh siĂșd ar mian leo an fhĂrinne a fhĂĄil. Fianaise mar a deirim mar an gcĂ©anna, bhĂ an mĂthuiscint iomlĂĄn i MeiriceĂĄ agus bhĂ an tarchur cultĂșrtha agus an spĂ©is lena chaomhnĂș le feiceĂĄil go dtĂ an lĂĄ inniu.
Is beag an milleĂĄn nĂł an aifĂ©ala atĂĄ ar dhaoine eile i leith peacaĂ. Is iomaĂ duine a dhĂ©anann iarracht an scapegoat a fhĂĄil sa SpĂĄinn impiriĂșil. Agus a mhalairt ar fad a tharla, ba thĂortha eile a bhĂ nĂos indoctrinated ag a rĂthe maidir le goid agus forchur na conraitheoirĂ nĂł na taiscĂ©alaithe is drochbhĂ©asach, beithĂoch agus neamhfhreagrach.
PlĂ©ann MarĂa Elvira Roca Barea go dian san imleabhar seo an cheist maidir le smaointe impireacht, finscĂ©al dubh agus imperiophobia a theorannĂș. Ar an mbealach seo is fĂ©idir linn tuiscint a fhĂĄil ar a bhfuil i bpĂĄirt ag impireachtaĂ agus na finscĂ©alta dubha atĂĄ nasctha go dosheachanta leo, an chaoi a dtagann siad chun cinn a chruthaĂonn intleachtĂłirĂ atĂĄ nasctha le cumhachtaĂ ĂĄitiĂșla agus an chaoi a nglacann na h-impireachtaĂ iad fĂ©in leis.
NĂ hionann brĂłd, smionagar, Ă©ad agus dinimic an impiriĂșil. PlĂ©ann an t-Ășdar le imperiophobia i gcĂĄsanna na RĂłimhe, na StĂĄt Aontaithe agus na RĂșise dâfhonn anailĂs nĂos doimhne a dhĂ©anamh ar Impireacht na SpĂĄinne agus le peirspictĂocht nĂos fearr. Gheobhaidh an lĂ©itheoir amach conas atĂĄ an cuntas reatha ar stair na SpĂĄinne agus na hEorpa bunaithe ar smaointe atĂĄ bunaithe nĂos mĂł ar mhothĂșchĂĄin a rugadh as bolscaireacht nĂĄ ar fhĂor-imeachtaĂ.
ThĂĄinig an chĂ©ad lĂ©iriĂș de Hispanophobia san IodĂĄil chun cinn ceangailte le forbairt an daonnachais, rud a thug luster intleachtĂșil don fhinscĂ©al dubh a thaitnĂonn leis fĂłs. NĂos dĂ©anaĂ, thĂĄinig Hispanophobia mar ais lĂĄrnach an nĂĄisiĂșnachais LiĂștarach agus claonadh lĂĄrtheifeacha eile a lĂ©irigh iad fĂ©in san ĂsiltĂr agus i Sasana.
DĂ©anann Roca Barea imscrĂșdĂș ar na cĂșiseanna atĂĄ le marthanacht na Hispanophobia, a chruthaigh, mar a chruthaigh a ĂșsĂĄid go comhfhiosach agus dâaon ghnĂł sa ghĂ©archĂ©im fiachais, brabĂșsach do nĂos mĂł nĂĄ tĂr amhĂĄin. Is ĂĄit choitianta Ă© ag gach duine a nglactar leis gurb Ă© eolas na staire an bealach is fearr chun an lĂĄ inniu a thuiscint agus an todhchaĂ a mheas.
Teip
NĂĄ nĂ dĂłigh liom go gcaithfidh tĂș tĂș fĂ©in a bhualadh suas. Is fĂ©idir le mainneachtain staidĂ©ar a dhĂ©anamh ar olc atĂĄ endemic i sochaĂ ar bith. NĂ amhĂĄin go ndĂ©anann cumainn ĂĄirithe iad fĂ©in a athchruthĂș nĂos mĂł nĂĄ a chĂ©ile, bĂonn brĂłd ar dhaoine ĂĄirithe nĂos mĂł nĂĄ a chĂ©ile mar gheall ar mhainneachtain cuid eile. Is Ă© an rud is measa nĂĄ nuair a thĂ©ann an lasair morĂĄlta Herculean ar dualgas i mbun an masochism is neamhĂșsĂĄidte fiĂș.
Measann cuid thĂĄbhachtach dĂĄr mionlach intleachtĂșil agus polaitiĂșil is mĂł le rĂĄ go bhfuil stair thubaisteach ag an SpĂĄinn nĂ amhĂĄin go bhfuil nĂĄire uirthi, ach croĂ domhain
(traidisiĂșnta) atĂĄ nĂos lĂș go morĂĄlta nĂĄ tĂortha eile comharsanacha.
MĂĄs rud Ă© Imperiophobia agus finscĂ©al dubh MhĂnigh MarĂa Elvira Roca Barea cĂ©n cineĂĄl feinimĂ©an stairiĂșil a bhĂ sa finscĂ©al dubh agus conas agus cĂ©n fĂĄth ar eascair sĂ©, is Ă© prĂomhchuspĂłir FracasologĂa na cĂșiseanna ar glacadh leis na hĂĄbhair Hispanophobia inĂĄr dtĂr a chomhdhlĂșthĂș le himeacht ama.
Ăn XNUMXĂș haois i leith, tĂĄ baint ag coincheapa ar nĂłs decadence, teip, aimhrialtacht, eisceachtacht le smaoineamh na SpĂĄinne ... agus tosaĂonn caidreamh conspĂłideach idir cuid mhĂłr de na mionlach SpĂĄinneacha lena dtĂr fĂ©in, a chrĂochnaĂonn sa CogaĂ Napoleon agus maireann sĂ© fĂłs. Scaip na smaointe Hispanophobic seo ar fud MheiriceĂĄ Laidineach freisin agus beidh baint mhĂłr acu le laige na StĂĄt a eascraĂonn as dĂscaoileadh Impireacht na SpĂĄinne, agus as an slabhra dĂoghaltais a ghin sĂ agus a ghineann sĂ.
NĂ fhĂ©adfadh tĂrghrĂĄ liobrĂĄlach an naoĂș haois dĂ©ag aon rud a dhĂ©anamh chun smaointe diĂșltacha faoin SpĂĄinn a dhĂothĂș, agus chuir glĂșin 98 le mothĂș na teipe agus paroxysm dĂĄ bharr.
De ghnĂĄth is beag tuiscint atĂĄ ag ranganna rialaithe na SpĂĄinne ar an SpĂĄinn agus easpa muinĂne tubaisteach. CothaĂonn na treochtaĂ lĂĄrtheifeacha atĂĄ ann sa tĂr an diĂșltachas seo, a lagaĂonn an StĂĄt agus a ghineann lĂșb systoles agus diastoles a aisĂ©irĂtear arĂs agus arĂs eile.
6 scéal eiseamlåireacha 6
TĂĄ teagmhĂĄil tarchĂ©imnitheach ag fiĂș ficsean in Elvira. Maidir le roghnĂș a gcarachtar agus sna chuimhneachĂĄin idir an scĂ©al agus an rud riachtanach chun breith idĂ©-eolaĂochta a thuiscint, ar eagla nua Ă a spreagadh nĂł vĂreas smaoinimh a ionaclĂș fiĂș Ăł theanga. 6 scĂ©al 6, agus gan aon dramhaĂl.
Le teacht an schism LiĂștarach, ghlac an domhan MeĂĄnmhara-Caitliceach go neamhfhiosach le dioscĂșrsa ardcheannas morĂĄlta a chuir an ProtastĂșnach Ăł thuaidh. Ar an mbealach seo fanann focail cosĂșil le "saoirse", "caoinfhulaingt", "eolaĂocht" agus "AthchĂłiriĂș" ar thaobh amhĂĄin agus ar an taobh eile, mar ĂomhĂĄ scĂĄthĂĄin dhiĂșltach "cos ar bolg", "Ă©adulaingt", "fanaticism" agus, tĂ©igh ar a shon . Dia, "Frith-AthchĂłiriĂș." Ăn tĂșs, cailleadh an cath ba thĂĄbhachtaĂ, cath na teanga, agus i measc a cuid arm bhĂ bolscaireacht, dĂ©antĂĄn rĂthĂĄbhachtach nua chun sibhialtacht an Iarthair a thuiscint sa leath mhĂlaois seo caite.
Is Ă© cĂșlra na sĂ© scĂ©al a bailĂodh anseo an domhan ProtastĂșnach in amanna agus ĂĄiteanna Ă©agsĂșla san Eoraip. Roghnaigh an t-Ășdar sĂ© nĂłimĂ©ad as na cĂ©adta fĂ©idearthachtaĂ a fheidhmĂonn mar fhrithphointe don fhĂs monolithic sin a forchuireadh Ăł rinneadh an schism agus inar cuireadh sĂos ar domhan na MeĂĄnmhara - go dtĂ an lĂĄ inniu - mar Dheamhan an Deiscirt. Ina measc feicfimid carachtair agus ainmneacha gan ainm mar Luther, Ana de Sajonia, Calvin, Felipe Guillermo de Orange-Nassau, mac is sine Guillermo de Orange, nĂł William Shakespeare fĂ©in.
Leabhair molta eile le Elvira Roca Barea
Na witches agus an Inquisitor
Ag an am scrĂobh mĂ© cuntas fairsing ar an Logroño Auto de Fe de 1610. Thug mĂ© « airSouls tine«. Agus dĂ©anann duine go humhal i gcĂłnaĂ iarracht fĂs eile a thabhairt don chroinic. Toisc gur sin atĂĄ i gceist le ficsean stairiĂșil. Sa chĂĄs seo, tugann Elvira Roca Barea aghaidh freisin ar na laethanta sin roimh an dĂł go ginearĂĄlta i bprĂomhchathair La Rioja. Agus is lĂ©ir le cĂ©im mhĂĄistreachta solasbhliain Ăł mo scĂ©al. Is Ă© an pointe nĂĄ, tar Ă©is dom mĂ© fĂ©in a thumadh ag an am i roinnt de charachtair na linne sin, gur teacht le chĂ©ile iontach Ă© an scĂ©al seo.
I 1609 cĂșisĂtear roinnt daoine as witchcraft i srĂĄidbhaile Navarrese Zugarramurdi. Is Ă©ard a bhĂ cosĂșil le heachtra aonuaire, neamhthĂĄbhachtach nĂĄ fĂneĂĄltacht neamhghnĂĄch a fhĂĄil. Faoi na cĂșinsĂ seo, chuir an tArd-Inquisitor Bernardo de Sandoval Alonso de Salazar y FrĂas chuig Logroño, ceanncheathrĂș na hOifige Naofa.
NĂ hĂ© an draĂodĂłireacht amhĂĄin atĂĄ i gceist leis, an tsĂșil olc, eitiltĂ oĂche nĂł dĂ©ileĂĄlacha collaĂ le Lucifer: tĂĄ daoine ann a admhaĂonn dĂșnmharuithe uafĂĄsacha agus ĂșsĂĄid chĂłrasach leanaĂ mar acolytes an Big Bastard. Ach cĂ©n fĂĄth an eipidĂ©im seo anois lena croĂlĂĄr i srĂĄidbhaile in aice le teorainn na Fraince? An scĂĄthĂĄn Ă an witchcraft a lĂ©irĂonn coinbhleachtaĂ agus leasanna Ă©agsĂșla, nach bhfuil baint ar bith ag go leor acu leis an diabhal?
In Las brujas y el inquisidor, nochtann Elvira Roca figiĂșr stairiĂșil Alonso de Salazar, chomh dearmadta is atĂĄ sĂ© ĂĄbhartha, agus treoraĂonn sĂ© sinn ar thuras spreagĂșil trĂ ins agus outs na witchcraft sa XNUMXĂș haois, nuair a cogaĂ reiligiĂșnacha, coinbhleachtaĂ polaitiĂșla. agus spreag cĂșinsĂ eile fiach cailleach ollmhĂłr san Eoraip. I gcĂĄs Zugarramurdi, ina theannta sin, nĂ mĂłr dĂșinn dearmad a dhĂ©anamh ar an iomaĂocht idir an Fhrainc agus an SpĂĄinn maidir le rialĂș Navarra. Tabharfaidh an t-inquisitor Alonso de Salazar aghaidh ar seo go lĂ©ir leis na hairm daonna is cumhachtaĂ: cĂșis.
3 trĂĄcht ar "Na 3 leabhar is fearr le Elvira Roca Barea"